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boon 英 式和美式 TOEFL SAT TEM8 GRE

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WeChat is the best riposte to the condescending, widely held belief that Chinese internet firms are merely imitators of Western ones, and cannot innovate themselves.
人們普遍認為,中國互聯(lián)網公司僅僅是西方公司的模仿者,自己則無法創(chuàng)新。對于這種傲慢的觀點,微信無疑是最好的回擊。
——《經濟學人》
Public discourse about the North in most of our enlightened world is crippled, condescending, irrelevant, and, like heartburn, episodic.
文明世界里對朝鮮的公共討論,大部分都是有缺陷的、居高臨下的、不切題的,還像燒心一樣是陣發(fā)性的。
——《紐約時報》

基本釋義

[verb] show feelings of superiority; be patronizing
[動詞] 表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)越感;自認為高人一等


深入解讀

Condescend 一詞源自拉丁語 condescendere (順從的),14世紀中期進入英語后原指上帝、國王等對人的弱點“給予極大的寬容”,到了14世紀后期發(fā)展為“恭順地屈服”,不過這些含義現(xiàn)已不再流行。而是到了15世紀初, condescend 開始發(fā)展出現(xiàn)在的主要含義“俯就、屈尊”,即自愿放棄自己的優(yōu)越地位或與地位相稱的禮儀或尊嚴,與下級平等,比如:

我不知道特朗普是否會屈尊造訪我們?
I wonder if Trump will condescend to visit us?
頑固的導演放下架子接受舞臺工作人員的意見。
The obdurate director condescended to take advice from the stagehand.

這個本是象征著親切和禮貌的概念,往往更多的用作貶義進行諷刺,即形容某人自視甚高,自以為自己高人一等地去屈尊和俯就,比如:

他賞臉開腔后,半個小時內就有三四次說話自相矛盾。他一字一頓,聽上去很生硬。
When he condescended to speak, he contradicted himself three or four times in the space of half an hour. His voice was harsh as he enunciated each word carefully.
我們等了幾乎一小時他才屈尊大駕來見我們。他徐緩從容的聲音和舉止表明他出身貴族。
We had to wait almost an hour before he condescended to see us. His languid voice and manner suggested an aristocratic pedigree.

相比主動善意的俯就,這種假意屈尊明顯是“帶有優(yōu)越感地表示關心”或者說“以恩賜態(tài)度相待”,這也可以用動詞短語 condescend to sb 來表示“對某人表現(xiàn)出高人一等的姿態(tài)、帶有優(yōu)越感地對待某人”,比如:

別在我面前擺架子。也別自吹自擂了。
Don't condescend to me. And stop blowing your own trumpet.
他的脾氣十分暴躁,別人很難與他相處。但他解釋情況時不會對聽眾表現(xiàn)出高人一等的樣子。
He had a volatile temper and couldn't have been easy to live with. But he explained things without condescending to his audience.

而 condescend 的衍生詞 condescending 自然相應表示“俯就的、屈尊的”以及“表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)越感的、抱恩賜態(tài)度的、居高臨下的”。

名著用例
But her self-control was severely tested many times, because of the personal questions they asked and because of the smug and condescending attitude they displayed toward all things Southern.
不過她的自我克制能力多次受到嚴峻考驗,因為她們經常提出種種涉及私人的問題,而且對南方的一切都表現(xiàn)出一種洋洋自得和好意屈就的態(tài)度。
出自美國作家瑪格麗特·米切爾(Margaret Mitchell)創(chuàng)作的長篇小說《飄》(Gone with the Wind)。該小說在1937年獲得普利策獎,是瑪格麗特·米切爾在世時出版的唯一一部作品。不但它成為美國史上最為暢銷的小說之一,而且由這部小說所改編的同名電影《亂世佳人》也成為影史上不朽的經典。

同近義詞

patronize: treat in a way that is apparently kind or helpful but that betrays a feeling of superiority
deign: do something that one considers to be beneath one's dignity
stoop: lower one's moral standards so far as to do something reprehensible
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