政府工作報告全文（中英對照）
瀏覽量：210 發布時間：2020-12-22
第十三屆全國人民代表大會第四次會議上
REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT
Delivered at the Fourth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on March 5, 2021
國務院總理 李克強
Li Keqiang
Premier of the State Council
圖片
各位代表：
Fellow Deputies,
現在，我代表國務院，向大會報告政府工作，請予審議，并請全國政協委員提出意見。
On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government and ask for your deliberation and approval. I also ask members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) for their comments.
一、2020年工作回顧
I. A review of Our Work in 2020
過去一年，在新中國歷史上極不平凡。面對突如其來的新冠肺炎疫情、世界經濟深度衰退等多重嚴重沖擊，在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導下，全國各族人民頑強拼搏，疫情防控取得重大戰略成果，在全球主要經濟體中唯一實現經濟正增長，脫貧攻堅戰取得全面勝利，決勝全面建成小康社會取得決定性成就，交出一份人民滿意、世界矚目、可以載入史冊的答卷。全年發展主要目標任務較好完成，我國改革開放和社會主義現代化建設又取得新的重大進展。
Last year was an extraordinary year in the history of the People’s Republic of China. Facing the severe combined impact of a sudden coronavirus epidemic and a deep global economic recession, we the Chinese people of all ethnic groups, under the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, responded with tremendous tenacity.
We achieved major strategic success in our response to Covid-19 and China was the world’s only major economy to achieve growth. We attained a complete victory in the fight against poverty, and we scored decisive achievements in securing a full victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.
Indeed, our achievements, which have won the approval of our people and global recognition, will be remembered in history.
Our development goals and tasks for the year were accomplished, and major headway has been made in China’s reform, opening up, and socialist modernization drive.
在艱辛的抗疫歷程中，黨中央始終堅持人民至上、生命至上，習近平總書記親自指揮、親自部署，各方面持續努力，不斷鞏固防控成果。我們針對疫情形勢變化，及時調整防控策略，健全常態化防控機制，有效處置局部地區聚集性疫情，最大限度保護了人民生命安全和身體健康，為恢復生產生活秩序創造必要條件。
Throughout this fierce battle against Covid-19, the CPC Central Committee put protecting the people and human life above everything else, with General Secretary Xi Jinping personally taking charge and making response decisions. Thanks to the tireless efforts of all of us, our gains in controlling Covid-19 were continuously consolidated.
In response to evolving epidemic dynamics, we made well-timed adjustments to our response approaches. We improved routine control mechanisms and effectively suppressed several local outbreaks of the epidemic. With these actions, we protected the health and safety of the people to the greatest extent possible, and created the conditions for returning to normal life and work.
一年來，我們貫徹黨中央決策部署，統籌推進疫情防控和經濟社會發展，主要做了以下工作。
Last year, we carried out the following work in implementing the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee, and to respond to Covid-19 and advance economic and social development:
一是圍繞市場主體的急需制定和實施宏觀政策，穩住了經濟基本盤。面對歷史罕見的沖擊，我們在“六穩”工作基礎上，明確提出“六?！比蝿?，特別是保就業保民生保市場主體，以保促穩、穩中求進。立足國情實際，既及時果斷又保持定力，堅持不搞“大水漫灌”，科學把握規模性政策的平衡點。注重用改革和創新辦法，助企紓困和激發活力并舉，幫助受沖擊最直接且量大面廣的中小微企業和個體工商戶渡難關。實施階段性大規模減稅降費，與制度性安排相結合，全年為市場主體減負超過2.6萬億元，其中減免社保費1.7萬億元。創新宏觀政策實施方式，對新增2萬億元中央財政資金建立直達機制，省級財政加大資金下沉力度，共同為市縣基層落實惠企利民政策及時補充財力。支持銀行定向增加貸款并降低利率水平，對中小微企業貸款延期還本付息，大型商業銀行普惠小微企業貸款增長50%以上，金融系統向實體經濟讓利1.5萬億元。對大企業復工復產加強“點對點”服務。經過艱苦努力，我們率先實現復工復產，經濟恢復好于預期，全年國內生產總值增長2.3%，宏觀調控積累了新的經驗，以合理代價取得較大成效。
1. We formulated and implemented macro policies to meet the urgent needs of market entities and kept the fundamentals of the economy stable.
Facing shocks of a severity rarely seen before, based on what we had done to ensure stability on six key fronts, we carried out the task of maintaining security in six key areas—particularly job security, basic living needs, and the operations of market entities.* By maintaining security, we were able to deliver stability while also pursuing progress.
Based on China’s realities, we refrained from adopting a deluge of strong stimulus policies but took swift, decisive and well-considered steps, thus maintaining a desired balance between various macro policies.
Using approaches of reform and innovation, we eased the difficulties of our enterprises and energized them. And we helped micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and self-employed individuals, which are large in number, extensive in scope and took the most direct hit from Covid-19, weather what was a very tough time.
By making both time-limited large-scale tax and fee cuts and institutional arrangements, we reduced the burden on market entities by more than 2.6 trillion yuan for the year, including 1.7 trillion yuan in social insurance premium cuts and exemptions.
We adopted new approaches in implementing macro policies. The central government established a mechanism to directly allocate two trillion yuan of new funding to prefecture- and county-level governments, while provincial-level governments also increased their funding allocations to governments at these levels. With these two steps, we provided prefecture- and county-level governments with additional and timely fiscal resources to assist local businesses and residents.
Banks were given support to increase loans to businesses and lower interest rates in a targeted way. MSMEs were allowed to postpone principal and interest repayments on their loans, and inclusive finance lending by large commercial banks to micro and small businesses increased by more than 50 percent. The real economy thus received an infusion of 1.5 trillion yuan from financial institutions.
Point-to-point transportation services were provided to large enterprises to help them resume operations.
Thanks to all these arduous efforts, China was able to take the lead in reopening its economy. With gross domestic product (GDP) for the year growing by 2.3 percent, a better-than-expected recovery was achieved. We thus not only gained fresh experience in macro regulation, but also delivered the best possible outcome at an acceptable cost.
(* The six fronts refer to employment, the financial sector, foreign trade, foreign investment, domestic investment, and expectations. The six areas refer to job security, basic living needs, operations of market entities, food and energy security, stable industrial and supply chains, and the normal functioning of primary-level governments.)
二是優先穩就業保民生，人民生活得到切實保障。就業是最大的民生，保市場主體也是為穩就業保民生。各地加大穩崗擴崗激勵力度，企業和員工共同克服困難。多渠道做好重點群體就業工作，支持大眾創業萬眾創新帶動就業。新增市場主體恢復快速增長，創造了大量就業崗位。城鎮新增就業1186萬人，年末全國城鎮調查失業率降到5.2%。作為最大發展中國家，在巨大沖擊下能夠保持就業大局穩定，尤為難能可貴。加強生活必需品保供穩價，居民消費價格上漲2.5%。線上辦公、網絡購物、無接觸配送等廣泛開展。大幅度擴大失業保險保障范圍。對因疫情遇困群眾及時給予救助，新納入低保、特困供養近600萬人，實施臨時救助超過800萬人次。抵御嚴重洪澇、臺風等自然災害，全力應急搶險救援，妥善安置受災群眾，保障了人民群眾生命財產安全和基本生活。
2. We gave top priority to stabilizing employment and ensuring living standards and effectively safeguarded people’s wellbeing.
Employment is pivotal to people’s wellbeing. Our efforts to keep market entities afloat are aimed at maintaining stable employment and meeting basic living needs. Local governments across the country provided more incentives to stabilize and expand employment, thus enabling businesses and their employees to work hand-in-hand to overcome their difficulties.
Multiple channels were tapped to ensure employment for key groups, and startups and innovation were encouraged as a way to create jobs. The number of new market entities began growing rapidly again, leading to the creation of a large number of new jobs. A total of 11.86 million urban jobs were added, and the year-end surveyed urban unemployment rate dropped to 5.2 percent.
It is truly remarkable that China, the largest developing country in the world, has kept overall employment stable in the face of such an enormous shock.
The supply and price stability of daily necessities was ensured; the consumer price index (CPI) posted a 2.5 percent growth. Practices like working from home, online shopping, and contactless delivery were widely adopted.
We expanded the coverage of unemployment insurance schemes, and extended timely assistance to those who were hit particularly hard by Covid-19. Close to six million additional people received subsistence allowances or extreme poverty aid, and more than eight million temporary assistance grants were disbursed.
We fought against severe floods, typhoons, and other natural disasters and spared no effort to provide rescue and relief to disaster victims and make appropriate arrangements for them, thus protecting people’s lives and property and ensuring their basic living needs.
三是堅決打好三大攻堅戰，主要目標任務如期完成。較大幅度增加財政扶貧資金投入。對工作難度大的貧困縣和貧困村掛牌督戰，精準落實各項幫扶措施。優先支持貧困勞動力穩崗就業，幫助返鄉貧困勞動力再就業，努力穩住務工收入。加大產業扶貧力度，深入開展消費扶貧。加強易返貧致貧人口監測和幫扶。年初剩余的551萬農村貧困人口全部脫貧、52個貧困縣全部摘帽。繼續打好藍天、碧水、凈土保衛戰，完成污染防治攻堅戰階段性目標任務。長江、黃河、海岸帶等重要生態系統保護和修復重大工程深入實施，生態建設得到加強。穩妥化解地方政府債務風險，及時處置一批重大金融風險隱患。
3. We made decisive progress in the three critical battles against poverty, pollution and potential risk, achieving major targets and tasks as planned.
We increased funding for poverty alleviation by a considerable sum. Counties and villages facing difficulty in poverty eradication were placed under special supervision to see they fully implemented all assistance and support policies. We assisted on a priority basis poor workers in securing jobs and poor rural migrant workers who had returned home in finding new jobs, thus keeping rural residents’ incomes from nonagricultural work stable. We worked harder to reduce poverty through the development of local industries and promote consumer spending on products from poor areas. We strengthened monitoring for groups who are liable to return to, or fall into, poverty, and provided them with assistance.
All remaining poor rural residents, totaling 5.51 million in early 2020, were lifted from poverty, as were all of China’s remaining 52 poor counties.
We continued working to keep our skies blue, our waters clear, and our lands pollution-free, and accomplished the objectives for pollution prevention and control for the current stage. We carried out major projects for protecting and restoring key ecosystems in the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins and along coastlines, and stepped up our ecological conservation endeavors.
We took prudent steps to defuse local government debt risks and acted swiftly to defuse a number of major financial risks and potential dangers.
四是堅定不移推進改革開放，發展活力和內生動力進一步增強。完善要素市場化配置體制機制。加強產權保護。深入推進“放管服”改革，實施優化營商環境條例。出臺國企改革三年行動方案。支持民營企業發展。完善資本市場基礎制度。扎實推進農業農村、社會事業等領域改革。共建“一帶一路”穩步推進。海南自由貿易港建設等重大舉措陸續推出。成功舉辦第三屆中國國際進口博覽會、中國國際服務貿易交易會。推動區域全面經濟伙伴關系協定簽署。完成中歐投資協定談判。維護產業鏈供應鏈穩定，對外貿易和利用外資保持增長。
4. We continued to advance reform and opening up and further boosted the vitality and momentum of development.
We improved the systems and mechanisms for the market allocation of production factors and strengthened the protection of property rights. We furthered reforms to streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services; and the Regulations on Improving the Business Environment were implemented. We adopted a three-year action plan for SOE reform and supported the development of private businesses. The underlying systems of the capital market were improved. We made solid strides in reforms related to agriculture, rural development, and social programs.
Steady progress was achieved in the joint pursuit of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Major measures to develop the Hainan Free Trade Port and other major initiatives were launched. The third China International Import Expo and the China International Fair for Trade in Services were hosted successfully. China played an important role in the signing of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement, and it concluded negotiations on an investment agreement with the European Union.
China’s industrial chains and supply chains were kept stable. And its foreign trade and utilized foreign investment posted steady growth.
五是大力促進科技創新，產業轉型升級步伐加快。建設國際科技創新中心和綜合性國家科學中心，成功組建首批國家實驗室?！疤靻栆惶枴?、“嫦娥五號”、“奮斗者”號等突破性成果不斷涌現。加強關鍵核心技術攻關。加大知識產權保護力度。支持科技成果轉化應用，促進大中小企業融通創新，推廣全面創新改革試驗相關舉措。推動產業數字化智能化改造，戰略性新興產業保持快速發展勢頭。
5. We vigorously promoted innovation in science and technology and accelerated industrial transformation and upgrading.
We developed China’s international centers for science and technology innovation and comprehensive national science centers, and set up the country’s first group of national laboratories. Last year saw a stream of scientific and technological breakthroughs, like the Tianwen-1 Mars mission, the Chang’e-5 lunar mission, and the Fendouzhe (Striver) deep-sea manned submersible.
We intensified efforts to make major breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields. Intellectual property protection was strengthened. We supported the application of scientific and technological advances, encouraged collaborative innovation among small, medium, and large enterprises, and promoted pilot reforms on all-around innovation. More was done to upgrade the industrial sector with digital and smart technologies; and strategic emerging industries maintained rapid development.
六是推進新型城鎮化和鄉村振興，城鄉區域發展格局不斷優化。加大城鎮老舊小區改造力度，因城施策促進房地產市場平穩健康發展。糧食實現增產，生豬產能加快恢復，鄉村建設穩步展開，農村人居環境整治成效明顯。推進煤電油氣產供儲銷體系建設，提升能源安全保障能力。健全區域協調發展體制機制，在實施重大區域發展戰略方面出臺一批新舉措。
6. We advanced new urbanization and rural revitalization and improved the layout of urban-rural development and development among regions.
Efforts were intensified to rebuild old urban residential areas. By adopting city-specific policies, we promoted the stable and healthy development of the housing market.
Grain output continued to increase, and hog production rebounded at a faster rate. We took solid steps in advancing rural development, and markedly improved rural living environments.
We continued to build up the production, supply, storage, and marketing systems for coal, petroleum, natural gas, and electricity, and enhanced our capacity to ensure energy security. We improved mechanisms for promoting coordinated development between regions, and introduced a range of new measures to implement major strategies for regional development.
七是加強依法行政和社會建設，社會保持和諧穩定。提請全國人大常委會審議法律議案9件，制定修訂行政法規37部。認真辦理人大代表建議和政協委員提案。廣泛開展線上教學，秋季學期實現全面復學，1000多萬高中畢業生順利完成高考。全面深化教育領域綜合改革。實現高職院校擴招100萬人目標。加大公共衛生體系建設力度。提升大規模核酸檢測能力，新冠肺炎患者治療費用全部由國家承擔。提高退休人員基本養老金，上調城鄉居民基礎養老金最低標準，保障養老金按時足額發放，實現企業養老保險基金省級統收統支。加強公共文化服務。完善城鄉基層治理。扎實做好信訪工作。發揮審計監督作用。開展國務院大督查。做好第七次全國人口普查、國家脫貧攻堅普查。加強生產安全事故防范和處置。嚴格食品藥品疫苗監管。強化社會治安綜合治理，持續推進掃黑除惡專項斗爭，平安中國建設取得新成效。
7. We stepped up law-based administration, promoted social advancement, and safeguarded social harmony and stability.
We submitted nine legislative proposals to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress for deliberation, and formulated or revised 37 sets of administrative regulations. We worked with keen attention to handle the suggestions and proposals of NPC deputies and CPPCC National Committee members.
Online school teaching was introduced nationwide, and students returned to school for the autumn semester. Over 10 million high school graduates successfully completed the college entrance examination. We pushed ahead with the comprehensive reform of education, and we achieved the goal of increasing student enrollments in vocational colleges by one million.
Efforts were redoubled to strengthen the public health system. We scaled up the capacity for conducting large-scale nucleic acid testing, and all the medical bills for treating Covid-19 patients were covered by the government. Basic pension payments for retirees and minimum basic pension benefits for rural and urban non-working residents were both raised. Pension benefits were paid on time and in full, and provincial-level collection and payout of enterprise workers’ old-age insurance funds was realized.
Better public cultural services were provided. Primary-level governance in urban and rural areas was enhanced. Solid steps were taken to address public complaints. Audit-based oversight was vigorously conducted, and State Council accountability inspections were carried out.
We conducted the seventh population census and the poverty reduction survey. We intensified efforts to prevent and handle workplace accidents. Supervision of food, drugs, and vaccines was tightened up. We took a full range of measures to maintain law and order, and continued to combat organized crime and root out local criminal gangs, thus making further headway in pursuing the Peaceful China initiative.
貫徹落實黨中央全面從嚴治黨戰略部署，加強黨風廉政建設和反腐敗斗爭。鞏固深化“不忘初心、牢記使命”主題教育成果。嚴格落實中央八項規定精神，持續為基層減負。
We implemented the Party Central Committee’s strategic plan for exercising full and strict Party self-governance, and did more to improve Party conduct, build a clean government, and fight corruption. We consolidated the gains from the initiative to raise awareness of the need to stay true to the Party’s founding mission. We strictly complied with the central Party leadership’s eight-point decision on improving work conduct, and we made sustained efforts to ease the burdens of those working on the ground.
中國特色大國外交卓有成效。習近平主席等黨和國家領導人通過視頻方式主持中非團結抗疫特別峰會，出席聯合國成立75周年系列高級別會議、世界衛生大會、二十國集團領導人峰會、亞太經合組織領導人非正式會議、中國－歐盟領導人會晤、東亞合作領導人系列會議等重大活動。堅持多邊主義，推動構建人類命運共同體。支持國際抗疫合作，倡導建設人類衛生健康共同體。中國為促進世界和平與發展作出了重要貢獻。
We were successful in pursuing China’s major country diplomacy. President Xi Jinping and other Party and state leaders hosted or attended, via video link, major diplomatic events, including the Extraordinary China-Africa Summit on Solidarity against Covid-19, high-level meetings commemorating the 75th anniversary of the United Nations, the 73rd World Health Assembly, the G20 Leaders’ Summit in Riyadh, the APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting, the 22nd China-EU Leaders’ Meeting, and the East Asia leaders’ meetings on cooperation.
We upheld multilateralism and endeavored to build a human community with a shared future. We supported global cooperation on combating Covid-19 and called for building a global health community. China thus made important contributions to advancing global peace and development.
一年來的工作殊為不易。各地區各部門顧全大局、盡責擔當，上億市場主體在應對沖擊中展現出堅強韌性，廣大人民群眾勤勞付出、共克時艱，詮釋了百折不撓的民族精神，彰顯了人民是真正的英雄，這是我們戰勝一切困難挑戰的力量源泉。
Our work last year was truly challenging. Yet, local authorities and government departments across the country kept in mind the big picture and shouldered their responsibilities. Market entities, over one hundred million in number, responded to shocks with fortitude and resilience. Our people worked hard and fought adversity in close solidarity and with the unyielding spirit of the Chinese nation, thus proving themselves true heroes. This is the well of strength that enables us to rise to every challenge and overcome every difficulty.
各位代表！
Fellow Deputies,
過去一年取得的成績，是以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導的結果，是習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想科學指引的結果，是全黨全軍全國各族人民團結奮斗的結果。我代表國務院，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯感謝！向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞、臺灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠摯感謝！向關心和支持中國現代化建設的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友，表示誠摯感謝！
We owe our achievements last year to the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, to the sound guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and to the concerted efforts of the Party, the armed forces, and the Chinese people of all ethnic groups. On behalf of the State Council, I wish to express sincere gratitude to all our people, and to all other political parties, people’s organizations, and public figures from all sectors of society. I express sincere appreciation to our fellow countrymen and women in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, in Taiwan, and overseas. I also wish to express heartfelt thanks to the governments of other countries, international organizations, and friends across the world who have shown understanding and support for us in China as we pursue modernization.
在肯定成績的同時，我們也清醒看到面臨的困難和挑戰。新冠肺炎疫情仍在全球蔓延，國際形勢中不穩定不確定因素增多，世界經濟形勢復雜嚴峻。國內疫情防控仍有薄弱環節，經濟恢復基礎尚不牢固，居民消費仍受制約，投資增長后勁不足，中小微企業和個體工商戶困難較多，穩就業壓力較大。關鍵領域創新能力不強。一些地方財政收支矛盾突出，防范化解金融等領域風險任務依然艱巨。生態環保任重道遠。民生領域還有不少短板。政府工作存在不足，形式主義、官僚主義不同程度存在，少數干部不擔當不作為不善為。一些領域腐敗問題仍有發生。我們一定要直面問題和挑戰，盡心竭力改進工作，決不辜負人民期待！
While recognizing our achievements, we are also keenly aware of the difficulties and challenges before us.
As the coronavirus continues to spread around the world, instability and uncertainty are mounting on the international landscape, and the global economy continues to face grave challenges. Domestically, there are still weak links in our work to control Covid-19. The foundation for achieving our country’s economic recovery needs to be further consolidated, impediments to consumer spending remain, and investment growth lacks sustainability. Our MSMEs and self-employed individuals are still finding the going tough, and the pressure in maintaining stable employment is mounting. Our innovation capacity in key areas needs to be improved. Some local governments have serious budgetary deficits. In forestalling and defusing risks in the financial sector and other areas, we face formidable tasks. We still have a long way to go in protecting the environment. And many weaknesses in areas that are important to people’s basic needs wait to be addressed.
There is also room for improvement in the work of the government. Both pointless formalities and bureaucratism persist to varying degrees. A small number of officials fail to fulfill their responsibilities and are unwilling or unable to carry out their duties. Instances of corruption still occur in some sectors.
We will face these problems and challenges squarely, make every effort to make improvements, and do all we can to live up to our people’s expectations.
二、“十三五”時期發展成就和“十四五”時期主要目標任務
II. Achievements in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period and Major Targets and Tasks for the 14th Five-Year Plan Period
過去五年，我國經濟社會發展取得新的歷史性成就。經濟運行總體平穩，經濟結構持續優化，國內生產總值從不到70萬億元增加到超過100萬億元。創新型國家建設成果豐碩，在載人航天、探月工程、深海工程、超級計算、量子信息等領域取得一批重大科技成果。脫貧攻堅成果舉世矚目，5575萬農村貧困人口實現脫貧，960多萬建檔立卡貧困人口通過易地扶貧搬遷擺脫了“一方水土難養一方人”的困境，區域性整體貧困得到解決，完成了消除絕對貧困的艱巨任務。農業現代化穩步推進，糧食生產連年豐收。1億農業轉移人口和其他常住人口在城鎮落戶目標順利實現，城鎮棚戶區住房改造超過2100萬套。區域重大戰略扎實推進。污染防治力度加大，資源能源利用效率顯著提升，生態環境明顯改善。金融風險處置取得重要階段性成果。全面深化改革取得重大突破，供給側結構性改革持續推進，“放管服”改革不斷深入，營商環境持續改善。對外開放持續擴大，共建“一帶一路”成果豐碩。人民生活水平顯著提高，城鎮新增就業超過6000萬人，建成世界上規模最大的社會保障體系。全面建立實施困難殘疾人生活補貼和重度殘疾人護理補貼制度。教育、衛生、文化等領域發展取得新成就，教育公平和質量較大提升，醫療衛生事業加快發展，文化事業和文化產業繁榮發展。國防和軍隊建設水平大幅提升。國家安全全面加強，社會保持和諧穩定。經過五年持續奮斗，“十三五”規劃主要目標任務勝利完成，中華民族偉大復興向前邁出了新的一大步。
Over the past five years, China has scored historic new achievements in economic and social development.
The economy performed stably overall, and its structure was continuously improved. GDP increased from less than 70 trillion yuan to over 100 trillion yuan. Much was accomplished toward making China a country of innovators, with major advances in manned spaceflight, lunar exploration, deep-sea engineering, supercomputing, quantum information, and other areas.
China’s success in poverty alleviation has been recognized by the international community. Its entire rural poor population, 55.75 million in number, was lifted out of poverty, including more than 9.6 million registered poor people who were relocated from inhospitable areas; and regional poverty was successfully eradicated. The daunting task we set ourselves to eliminate absolute poverty has thus been successfully accomplished.
Agricultural modernization was steadily advanced, and good harvests were recorded for five years running. The goal of granting urban residency to 100 million people from rural areas and other permanent residents without local household registration was met. More than 21 million housing units in run-down urban areas were rebuilt.
Solid steps were taken to implement major regional development strategies. Pollution prevention and control efforts were intensified, resources and energy were used more efficiently, and there was a notable improvement in the environment.
Important progress was made in addressing financial risks in this period. Major breakthroughs were achieved in deepening reform across the board. Supply-side structural reform was steadily advanced, as were reforms to streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services. Thanks to these efforts, the business environment kept improving.
China continued to open its door wider to the world; the joint pursuit of the Belt and Road Initiative yielded solid outcomes.
The living standards of our people rose significantly. Over 60 million urban jobs were added, and the world’s largest social security system was established. The system for granting living allowances to people with disabilities in financial difficulty and nursing care subsidies to people with serious disabilities was set up and implemented across the country.
New achievements were made in education, healthcare, culture and other sectors. Education became much more equitable, and its quality was markedly improved. The healthcare sector registered accelerated development. The cultural sector flourished. Notable advances were made in the development of national defense and the armed forces. China’s national security was enhanced on all fronts, and social harmony and stability were maintained across the country.
Thanks to our hard work in these five years, we accomplished the major goals and tasks of the 13th Five-Year Plan, and made a giant stride toward the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
“十四五”時期是開啟全面建設社會主義現代化國家新征程的第一個五年。我國發展仍然處于重要戰略機遇期，但機遇和挑戰都有新的發展變化。要準確把握新發展階段，深入貫徹新發展理念，加快構建新發展格局，推動高質量發展，為全面建設社會主義現代化國家開好局起好步。
The period covered by the 14th Five-Year Plan will be the first five years in which we embark on a new journey to build China into a modern socialist country in all respects. China remains in an important period of strategic opportunity for development. Yet, there are changes in both the opportunities and challenges we face. We should have an accurate understanding of this new stage of development, fully apply the new development philosophy, and accelerate our efforts to create a new development pattern to promote high-quality development. By doing so, we will set the stage for building a modern socialist country in all respects.
根據《中共中央關于制定國民經濟和社會發展第十四個五年規劃和二〇三五年遠景目標的建議》，國務院編制了《國民經濟和社會發展第十四個五年規劃和2035年遠景目標綱要（草案）》。《綱要草案》堅持以習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導，實化量化“十四五”時期經濟社會發展主要目標和重大任務，全文提交大會審查，這里概述幾個方面。
The State Council, acting in accordance with the Recommendations of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for Formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development and Long-Range Objectives through the Year 2035, has drawn up the draft Outline for the 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development and Long-Range Objectives through the Year 2035.
The draft Outline, which was formulated under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, sets major quantified objectives and tasks for economic and social development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. The full draft has been submitted to this session for your deliberation and approval.
The highlights of the draft Outline are as follows:
——著力提升發展質量效益，保持經濟持續健康發展。發展是解決我國一切問題的基礎和關鍵。必須堅持新發展理念，把新發展理念完整、準確、全面貫穿發展全過程和各領域，引導各方面把工作重點放在提高發展質量和效益上，促進增長潛力充分發揮。經濟運行保持在合理區間，各年度視情提出經濟增長預期目標，全員勞動生產率增長高于國內生產總值增長，城鎮調查失業率控制在5.5%以內，物價水平保持總體平穩，實現更高質量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持續、更為安全的發展。
—Improving the quality and effectiveness of development and maintaining sustained and healthy economic growth
Development is the foundation, and it holds the key, for addressing all the issues our country faces. We must stay true to the new development philosophy, and ensure it is applied in full, in both letter and spirit, in every stage and aspect of development. We should encourage people working in all sectors to give high priority to improving the quality and effectiveness of development to fully tap China’s growth potential. We will keep major economic indicators within an appropriate range, set annual targets for economic growth in light of actual conditions, ensure that overall labor productivity grows faster than GDP, keep the surveyed urban unemployment rate within 5.5 percent, and keep prices generally stable. Doing so will enable us to achieve higher-quality development that is more efficient, equitable, sustainable, and secure.
——堅持創新驅動發展，加快發展現代產業體系。堅持創新在我國現代化建設全局中的核心地位，把科技自立自強作為國家發展的戰略支撐。完善國家創新體系，加快構建以國家實驗室為引領的戰略科技力量，打好關鍵核心技術攻堅戰，制定實施基礎研究十年行動方案，提升企業技術創新能力，激發人才創新活力，完善科技創新體制機制，全社會研發經費投入年均增長7%以上、力爭投入強度高于“十三五”時期實際。廣泛開展科學普及活動。堅持把發展經濟著力點放在實體經濟上，推進產業基礎高級化、產業鏈現代化，保持制造業比重基本穩定，改造提升傳統產業，發展壯大戰略性新興產業，促進服務業繁榮發展。統籌推進傳統基礎設施和新型基礎設施建設。加快數字化發展，打造數字經濟新優勢，協同推進數字產業化和產業數字化轉型，加快數字社會建設步伐，提高數字政府建設水平，營造良好數字生態，建設數字中國。
—Pursuing innovation-driven development and accelerating modernization of the industrial system
Innovation remains at the heart of China’s modernization drive. We will strengthen our science and technology to provide strategic support for China’s development. To improve China’s innovation system, we will work faster to enhance our strategic scientific and technological capability underpinned by the development of national laboratories, strive to make major breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields, and formulate and implement a ten-year action plan for basic research. We will enhance the capacity of enterprises to make technological innovation, unlock the creativity of talent, and improve the systems and mechanisms for making scientific and technological innovation. China’s R&D spending will increase by more than seven percent per year, which is expected to account for a higher percentage of GDP than that during the 13th Five-Year Plan period. Extensive activities will be conducted to help people learn more about science.
In pursuing economic growth, we will continue to prioritize the development of the real economy, upgrade the industrial base, modernize industrial chains, and keep the share of manufacturing in the economy basically stable. We will transform and upgrade traditional industries, strengthen strategic emerging industries, and promote the vigorous development of the service sector. Coordinated development of traditional and new forms of infrastructure will be promoted.
Digitalization will be sped up to create new strengths for the digital economy. We will both develop digital industry and transform traditional industries with digital technologies. We will work faster to develop a digital society, digital government, and healthy digital ecosystem as we pursue the Digital China initiative.
——形成強大國內市場，構建新發展格局。把實施擴大內需戰略同深化供給側結構性改革有機結合起來，以創新驅動、高質量供給引領和創造新需求。破除制約要素合理流動的堵點，貫通生產、分配、流通、消費各環節，形成國民經濟良性循環。立足國內大循環，協同推進強大國內市場和貿易強國建設，依托國內經濟循環體系形成對全球要素資源的強大引力場，促進國內國際雙循環。建立擴大內需的有效制度，全面促進消費，拓展投資空間，加快培育完整內需體系。
—Creating a robust domestic market and fostering a new development pattern
We will pursue the strategy of expanding domestic demand and intensify supply-side structural reform, and generate new demand with innovation-driven development and high-quality supply. We will remove impediments to the rational flow of production factors along all links of production, allocation, distribution, and consumption to facilitate favorable circulation in our economy.
We will give priority to domestic circulation, and work to build a strong domestic market and turn China into a trader of quality. We will leverage the flows of the domestic economy to make China a major magnet for global production factors and resources, thereby promoting positive interplay between domestic circulation and international circulation.
We will put in place frameworks to effectively expand domestic demand, boost consumer spending across the board, and unlock the potential for investment, thus accelerating the establishment of a complete system of domestic demand.
——全面推進鄉村振興，完善新型城鎮化戰略。堅持農業農村優先發展，嚴守18億畝耕地紅線，實施高標準農田建設工程、黑土地保護工程，確保種源安全，實施鄉村建設行動，健全城鄉融合發展體制機制。建立健全鞏固拓展脫貧攻堅成果長效機制，提升脫貧地區整體發展水平。深入推進以人為核心的新型城鎮化戰略，加快農業轉移人口市民化，常住人口城鎮化率提高到65%，發展壯大城市群和都市圈，推進以縣城為重要載體的城鎮化建設，實施城市更新行動，完善住房市場體系和住房保障體系，提升城鎮化發展質量。
—Advancing rural revitalization across the board and improving the new urbanization strategy
The development of agriculture and rural areas remains at the top of our work agenda. The total area of China’s farmland must stay above the red line of 120 million hectares. We will carry out projects to develop high-quality farmland and conserve chernozem soils, and ensure the security of our germplasm resources. We will carry out rural development initiatives, and improve systems and mechanisms for promoting integrated urban-rural development. We will set up a robust long-term mechanism for consolidating and expanding the achievements of the battle against poverty, and raise the overall performance of development in areas that have cast off poverty.
The strategy of new, people-centered urbanization will continue to be pursued. We will move faster to grant permanent urban residency to people who move to cities from rural areas, and raise the percentage of permanent urban residents to 65 percent of the population. We will expand city clusters and metropolitan areas, promote urbanization with a focus on county towns, implement an action plan for urban renewal, and improve the housing market and housing support system. These moves will enable us to achieve higher quality urbanization.
——優化區域經濟布局，促進區域協調發展。深入實施區域重大戰略、區域協調發展戰略、主體功能區戰略，構建高質量發展的區域經濟布局和國土空間支撐體系。扎實推動京津冀協同發展、長江經濟帶發展、粵港澳大灣區建設、長三角一體化發展、黃河流域生態保護和高質量發展，高標準、高質量建設雄安新區。推動西部大開發形成新格局，推動東北振興取得新突破，促進中部地區加快崛起，鼓勵東部地區加快推進現代化。推進成渝地區雙城經濟圈建設。支持革命老區、民族地區加快發展，加強邊疆地區建設。積極拓展海洋經濟發展空間。
—Improving regional economic structures and promoting coordinated regional development
We will continue to implement the major regional development strategies as well as the strategies for coordinated regional development and functional zoning, so as to create regional economic structures and a territorial space system that will sustain high-quality development.
We will take solid steps to promote the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, integrated development in the Yangtze River Delta, and ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin. We will build Xiongan New Area to a high standard.
We will usher in a new stage in large-scale development in the western region, promote breakthroughs in the revitalization of northeast China, accelerate the rise of the central region, and encourage the eastern region to accelerate modernization. We will promote the development of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone. We will support old revolutionary base areas and ethnic minority areas in speeding up development, and strengthen the development of border areas.
We will work to unlock the development potential of the maritime economy.
——全面深化改革開放，持續增強發展動力和活力。構建高水平社會主義市場經濟體制，激發各類市場主體活力，加快國有經濟布局優化和結構調整，優化民營經濟發展環境。建設高標準市場體系，全面完善產權制度，推進要素市場化配置改革，強化競爭政策基礎地位，完善競爭政策框架。建立現代財稅金融體制，提升政府經濟治理能力。深化“放管服”改革，構建一流營商環境。建設更高水平開放型經濟新體制，推動共建“一帶一路”高質量發展，構建面向全球的高標準自由貿易區網絡。
—Advancing reform and opening up across the board and bolstering the momentum and vitality of development
To develop a high-standard socialist market economy, we will energize all market entities, improve the layout and structure of the state-owned sector at a faster pace, and create a better development environment for private businesses. We will build a high-standard market system, effect an all-round improvement in the property rights system, carry out reforms to promote the market-based allocation of production factors, reinforce the foundational role of competition policies, and refine the competition policy framework.
We will modernize fiscal, taxation, and financial systems, and improve government capacity to conduct economic governance. We will deepen reforms to streamline administration and delegate powers, improve regulation, and upgrade services to foster a world-class business environment.
We will develop new systems for a higher-standard open economy, promote the high-quality development of the BRI, and build a globally oriented network of high-standard free trade zones.
——推動綠色發展，促進人與自然和諧共生。堅持綠水青山就是金山銀山理念，加強山水林田湖草系統治理，加快推進重要生態屏障建設，構建以國家公園為主體的自然保護地體系，森林覆蓋率達到24.1%。持續改善環境質量，基本消除重污染天氣和城市黑臭水體。落實2030年應對氣候變化國家自主貢獻目標。加快發展方式綠色轉型，協同推進經濟高質量發展和生態環境高水平保護，單位國內生產總值能耗和二氧化碳排放分別降低13.5%、18%。
—Promoting green development and ensuring harmony between humanity and nature
We will stay true to the principle that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets and strengthen the conservation of mountain, river, forest, farmland, lake, and grassland ecosystems. We will move faster to build major ecological shields, develop a national park-based nature reserve system, and expand forest coverage to 24.1 percent of China’s total land area.
We will continue to improve the quality of the environment, and generally eliminate heavy air pollution and black, malodorous water bodies in cities. We will ensure that China meets the targets for its intended nationally determined contributions in response to climate change by 2030. We will expedite the transition of China’s growth model to one of green development, and promote both high-quality economic growth and high-standard environmental protection. Energy consumption per unit of GDP and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will be reduced by 13.5 percent and 18 percent, respectively.
——持續增進民生福祉，扎實推動共同富裕。堅持盡力而為、量力而行，加強普惠性、基礎性、兜底性民生建設，制定促進共同富裕行動綱要，讓發展成果更多更公平惠及全體人民。實施就業優先戰略，擴大就業容量。著力提高低收入群體收入，擴大中等收入群體，居民人均可支配收入增長與國內生產總值增長基本同步。建設高質量教育體系，建設高素質專業化教師隊伍，深化教育改革，實施教育提質擴容工程，勞動年齡人口平均受教育年限提高到11.3年。全面推進健康中國建設，構建強大公共衛生體系，完善城鄉醫療服務網絡，廣泛開展全民健身運動，人均預期壽命再提高1歲。實施積極應對人口老齡化國家戰略，以“一老一小”為重點完善人口服務體系，優化生育政策，推動實現適度生育水平，發展普惠托育和基本養老服務體系，逐步延遲法定退休年齡。健全多層次社會保障體系，基本養老保險參保率提高到95%，優化社會救助和慈善制度。發展社會主義先進文化，提高社會文明程度，弘揚誠信文化，建設誠信社會，提升公共文化服務水平，健全現代文化產業體系。
—Improving people’s wellbeing and striving for common prosperity
We will do everything within our capacity to improve the wellbeing of our people, and ensure that public services are inclusive, meet essential needs, and ensure basic living standards for people in difficulty. An action plan will be adopted to promote common prosperity to see that our people share more fully and fairly in the gains of development.
We will implement the employment-first strategy and increase employment opportunities. We will work to raise the income of the low-income group and expand the size of the middle-income group. Per capita disposable income will generally grow in step with GDP growth.
We will build a high-quality education system and foster a contingent of top-performing teachers with strong professional expertise by deepening educational reforms. We will carry out an initiative to raise the quality of education and expand its capacity. We expect that the average number of years of schooling among the working-age population will rise to 11.3.
We will make all-round efforts to build a Healthy China. We will develop a strong public health system, refine medical service networks in both urban and rural areas, carry out extensive public fitness activities, and raise the average life expectancy by one year. We will implement the national strategy for addressing population aging, and improve the population services system with a focus on elderly care and child care. We will refine the childbirth policy, work to achieve an appropriate birth rate, and develop the systems for public-interest child care andbasic elderly care services. The statutory retirement age will be raised in a phased manner. The multi-tiered social security system will be improved, with coverage of basic old-age insurance reaching 95 percent of the population. Social assistance and charity systems will also be improved.
We will develop advanced socialist culture, raise standards of public civility, promote integrity and trustworthiness throughout society, improve public cultural services, and improve modern systems for cultural industries.
——統籌發展和安全，建設更高水平的平安中國。堅持總體國家安全觀，加強國家安全體系和能力建設。強化國家經濟安全保障，實施糧食、能源資源、金融安全戰略，糧食綜合生產能力保持在1.3萬億斤以上，提高能源綜合生產能力。全面提高公共安全保障能力，維護社會穩定和安全。
—Ensuring both development and security and ushering in a new stage in building a Peaceful China
We will pursue a holistic approach to national security and strengthen our national security system and capacity. To ensure national economic security, we will carry out strategies for safeguarding food, energy and resource, and financial security. We will keep overall grain output above 650 million metric tons, and enhance our overall energy production capacity. We will increase our public security capacity across the board to maintain social stability and public safety.
展望未來，我們有信心有能力戰勝前進道路上的艱難險阻，完成“十四五”規劃目標任務，奮力譜寫中國特色社會主義事業新篇章！
Looking to the future, we have the confidence and the ability to overcome all difficulties and obstacles on our road ahead and fulfill the goals and tasks in the 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development (2021-2025), thus opening a new page in the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
三、2021年重點工作
III. Major tasks for 2021
今年是我國現代化建設進程中具有特殊重要性的一年。做好政府工作，要在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導下，以習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導，全面貫徹黨的十九大和十九屆二中、三中、四中、五中全會精神，堅持穩中求進工作總基調，立足新發展階段，貫徹新發展理念，構建新發展格局，以推動高質量發展為主題，以深化供給側結構性改革為主線，以改革創新為根本動力，以滿足人民日益增長的美好生活需要為根本目的，堅持系統觀念，鞏固拓展疫情防控和經濟社會發展成果，更好統籌發展和安全，扎實做好“六穩”工作、全面落實“六?！比蝿眨茖W精準實施宏觀政策，努力保持經濟運行在合理區間，堅持擴大內需戰略，強化科技戰略支撐，擴大高水平對外開放，保持社會和諧穩定，確?！笆奈濉遍_好局起好步，以優異成績慶祝中國共產黨成立100周年。
The year 2021 is of particular importance to China as it pursues the modernization drive. To accomplish the government’s work for the year, we must, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, do the following:
follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era;
implement the guiding principles of the Party’s 19th National Congress and the second through fifth plenary sessions of the 19th Party Central Committee in full;
act on the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability;
ground our efforts in the new development stage, apply the new development philosophy, and create a new pattern of development;
pursue high-quality development as the general aim, advance supply-side structural reform as the main task, and harness reform and innovation as the key source of momentum in our endeavor to meet the fundamental goal of satisfying the people’s growing needs for a better life;
apply systems thinking;
consolidate and expand the achievements of the Covid-19 response and economic and social development;
ensure better coordination in pursuing development and upholding security;
ensure stability on six key fronts and maintain security in six key areas;
implement macro policies in a systemic and targeted way;
keep major economic indicators within an appropriate range;
continue to expand domestic demand;
strengthen science and technology to provide strategic support for development;
pursue higher-standard opening up;
maintain social harmony and stability.
These efforts will enable us to get off to a good start in the 14th Five-Year Plan period and commemorate the centenary of the CPC with outstanding achievements in development.
今年我國發展仍面臨不少風險挑戰，但經濟長期向好的基本面沒有改變。我們要堅定信心，攻堅克難，鞏固恢復性增長基礎，努力保持經濟社會持續健康發展。
In 2021, China will continue to face many development risks and challenges, but the economic fundamentals that will sustain long-term growth remain unchanged. We should stay confident, meet challenges head-on, and consolidate the foundation for economic recovery to ensure sustained and healthy economic and social development.
今年發展主要預期目標是：國內生產總值增長6%以上；城鎮新增就業1100萬人以上，城鎮調查失業率5.5%左右；居民消費價格漲幅3%左右；進出口量穩質升，國際收支基本平衡；居民收入穩步增長；生態環境質量進一步改善，單位國內生產總值能耗降低3%左右，主要污染物排放量繼續下降；糧食產量保持在1.3萬億斤以上。
The main projected targets for development this year are as follows:
GDP growth of over 6 percent
over 11 million new urban jobs
a surveyed urban unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent
CPI increase of around 3 percent
steady increases in both the volume and quality of imports and exports
a basic equilibrium in the balance of payments
steady growth in personal income
a further improvement in the environment
a drop of around 3 percent in energy consumption per unit of GDP
a continued reduction in the discharge of major pollutants
grain output of over 650 million metric tons
經濟增速是綜合性指標，今年預期目標設定為6%以上，考慮了經濟運行恢復情況，有利于引導各方面集中精力推進改革創新、推動高質量發展。經濟增速、就業、物價等預期目標，體現了保持經濟運行在合理區間的要求，與今后目標平穩銜接，有利于實現可持續健康發展。
As a general target, China’s growth rate has been set at over 6 percent for this year. In setting this target, we have taken into account the recovery of economic activity. A target of over 6 percent will enable all of us to devote full energy to promoting reform, innovation, and high-quality development. The projected targets for growth, employment, and CPI should keep the economy performing within the appropriate range. These targets are also well-aligned with the annual goals of subsequent years in the 14th Five-Year Plan period, and they will help sustain healthy economic growth.
做好今年工作，要更好統籌疫情防控和經濟社會發展。堅持常態化防控和局部應急處置有機結合，繼續毫不放松做好外防輸入、內防反彈工作，抓好重點區域和關鍵環節防控，補上短板漏洞，嚴防出現聚集性疫情和散發病例傳播擴散，有序推進疫苗研制和加快免費接種，提高科學精準防控能力和水平。
For the government to deliver this year, we need to carry out Covid-19 prevention and control and pursue economic and social development in a more coordinated way. We will maintain control measures on a continuing basis and be ready to address isolated emergencies. We will maintain constant vigilance in guarding against inbound cases and domestic resurgences, and ensure effective epidemic control in key areas and at key links.
We will effectively address all weaknesses in Covid-19 work, and take strict measures to prevent clusters of infection and transmission caused by isolated cases. The development of vaccines will be steadily advanced, free vaccine programs will be conducted at a faster pace, and efforts will be intensified to boost our capacity to control Covid-19 with targeted and science-based measures.
今年要重點做好以下幾方面工作。
This year, we will carry out the following tasks:
（一）保持宏觀政策連續性穩定性可持續性，促進經濟運行在合理區間。在區間調控基礎上加強定向調控、相機調控、精準調控。宏觀政策要繼續為市場主體紓困，保持必要支持力度，不急轉彎，根據形勢變化適時調整完善，進一步鞏固經濟基本盤。
1. Ensuring the continuity, consistency, and sustainability of macro policies to keep major economic indicators within an appropriate range
On the basis of range-based regulation, we will enhance targeted, well-timed, and precision regulation. We will continue to ensure macro policies alleviate the difficulties of market entities and maintain necessary policy support for achieving this goal. We will avoid sharp turns in policy; instead, we should make adjustments and improvements based on new developments to reinforce the fundamentals of the economy.
積極的財政政策要提質增效、更可持續?？紤]到疫情得到有效控制和經濟逐步恢復，今年赤字率擬按3.2%左右安排、比去年有所下調，不再發行抗疫特別國債。因財政收入恢復性增長，財政支出總規模比去年增加，重點仍是加大對保就業保民生保市場主體的支持力度。中央本級支出繼續安排負增長，進一步大幅壓減非急需非剛性支出，對地方一般性轉移支付增長7.8%、增幅明顯高于去年，其中均衡性轉移支付、縣級基本財力保障機制獎補資金等增幅均超過10%。建立常態化財政資金直達機制并擴大范圍，將2.8萬億元中央財政資金納入直達機制、規模明顯大于去年，為市縣基層惠企利民提供更加及時有力的財力支持。各級政府都要節用為民、堅持過緊日子，確?；久裆С鲋辉霾粶p，助力市場主體青山常在、生機盎然。
We will enhance the quality, efficiency, and sustainability of our proactive fiscal policy.
In view of the effective containment of Covid-19 and gradual economic recovery, we have set the deficit-to-GDP ratio for the year at around 3.2 percent, slightly lower than that of last year. No Covid-19 bonds will be issued. As government revenue rebounds, total government expenditures will be higher this year than last. We will continue to give priority to increasing support for efforts to ensure employment, living standards, and the operations of market entities.
Continued cuts will be made in central government expenditures, including considerable reductions to outlays on non-essential and non-obligatory items. General transfer payments to local governments will be increased by 7.8 percent, which is significantly higher than last year. This will include growth of more than 10 percent in both transfer payments for equalizing access to basic public services and rewards and subsidies to ensure basic funding for county-level governments.
We will make it a normal practice to directly allocate budgetary funds to prefecture- and county-level governments and place more funds under this mechanism. This year, 2.8 trillion yuan of central government funding, a figure much larger than last year, will be allocated in this way to provide timely and strong fiscal support to these local governments to benefit businesses and people. We at every level of government should practice fiscal frugality in the interests of the people. We should continue to tighten our belts, ensure continued increases in spending to meet basic living needs, and help sustain and energize market entities.
優化和落實減稅政策。市場主體恢復元氣、增強活力，需要再幫一把。繼續執行制度性減稅政策，延長小規模納稅人增值稅優惠等部分階段性政策執行期限，實施新的結構性減稅舉措，對沖部分政策調整帶來的影響。將小規模納稅人增值稅起征點從月銷售額10萬元提高到15萬元。對小微企業和個體工商戶年應納稅所得額不到100萬元的部分，在現行優惠政策基礎上，再減半征收所得稅。各地要把減稅政策及時落實到位，確保市場主體應享盡享。
We will continue to implement and improve tax reduction policies.
We need to do more to help market entities stand firmly on their feet and thrive.
We will continue to implement systematic tax cut policies, extend the duration of several temporary policies such as VAT relief for small-scale taxpayers, and adopt new policies on structural tax reductions to offset the impact of some policy adjustments.
The VAT threshold for small-scale taxpayers will be raised from 100,000 yuan to 150,000 yuan in monthly sales. On the basis of preferential policies already in force, we will halve the income tax of micro and small enterprises and self-employed individuals on annual taxable income below one million yuan. All local governments should implement tax reduction policies fully and on a timely basis and see that market entities all enjoy these tax reduction benefits.
穩健的貨幣政策要靈活精準、合理適度。把服務實體經濟放到更加突出的位置，處理好恢復經濟與防范風險的關系。貨幣供應量和社會融資規模增速與名義經濟增速基本匹配，保持流動性合理充裕，保持宏觀杠桿率基本穩定。保持人民幣匯率在合理均衡水平上的基本穩定。進一步解決中小微企業融資難題。延續普惠小微企業貸款延期還本付息政策，加大再貸款再貼現支持普惠金融力度。延長小微企業融資擔保降費獎補政策，完善貸款風險分擔補償機制。加快信用信息共享步伐。完善金融機構考核、評價和盡職免責制度。引導銀行擴大信用貸款、持續增加首貸戶，推廣隨借隨還貸款，使資金更多流向科技創新、綠色發展，更多流向小微企業、個體工商戶、新型農業經營主體，對受疫情持續影響行業企業給予定向支持。大型商業銀行普惠小微企業貸款增長30%以上。創新供應鏈金融服務模式。適當降低小微企業支付手續費。優化存款利率監管，推動實際貸款利率進一步降低，繼續引導金融系統向實體經濟讓利。今年務必做到小微企業融資更便利、綜合融資成本穩中有降。
We will keep our prudent monetary policy flexible and targeted and at a reasonable and appropriate level.
We will give even greater priority to serving the real economy, and balance the needs of promoting economic recovery and preventing risks. We will see that increases in money supply and aggregate financing are generally in step with economic growth in nominal terms, maintain a proper and adequate level of liquidity supply, and keep the macro leverage ratio generally stable. We will also keep the RMB exchange rate generally stable at an adaptive, balanced level.
Further steps will be taken to address the financing difficulties of MSMEs. We will continue the policy of allowing micro and small enterprises to defer principal and interest repayments on inclusive-finance loans, and increase support for inclusive finance via re-lending and rediscounting.
We will continue the policy of providing rewards and subsidies to reduce financing guaranty fees for micro and small businesses, and improve mechanisms for risk sharing and compensation for loan defaults. We will move faster to promote the sharing of credit information.
The assessment and evaluation of the performance of financial institutions will be improved, and we will ensure that those who have fulfilled their duties are not held accountable.
Banks will be encouraged to increase credit loans and first-time loans. We will extend the pay-as-you-go lending model, channel more funds into scientific and technological innovation, green development initiatives, micro and small enterprises, self-employed individuals, and new types of agribusiness, and provide targeted support for enterprises and industries enduring a sustained hit from Covid-19. Inclusive loans to micro and small businesses by large commercial banks will increase by over 30 percent this year.
New models for providing supply chain financial services will be developed. Appropriate reductions will be made to transaction fees levied on micro and small businesses. We will improve regulation over deposit rates, further lower loan interest rates in real terms, and continue to guide the financial sector in giving more to the real economy. This year, we must see that micro and small businesses have easier access to financing, and that their overall financing costs steadily drop.
就業優先政策要繼續強化、聚力增效。著力穩定現有崗位，對不裁員少裁員的企業，繼續給予必要的財稅、金融等政策支持。繼續降低失業和工傷保險費率，擴大失業保險返還等階段性穩崗政策惠及范圍，延長以工代訓政策實施期限。拓寬市場化就業渠道，促進創業帶動就業。推動降低就業門檻，動態優化國家職業資格目錄，降低或取消部分準入類職業資格考試工作年限要求。支持和規范發展新就業形態，加快推進職業傷害保障試點。繼續對靈活就業人員給予社保補貼，推動放開在就業地參加社會保險的戶籍限制。做好高校畢業生、退役軍人、農民工等重點群體就業工作，完善殘疾人、零就業家庭成員等困難人員就業幫扶政策，促進失業人員再就業。拓寬職業技能培訓資金使用范圍，開展大規模、多層次職業技能培訓，完成職業技能提升和高職擴招三年行動目標，建設一批高技能人才培訓基地。健全就業公共服務體系，實施提升就業服務質量工程。運用就業專項補助等資金，支持各類勞動力市場、人才市場、零工市場建設，廣開就業門路，為有意愿有能力的人創造更多公平就業機會。
We will continue to improve the employment-first policy to enhance its performance.
We will work to keep the employment situation stable. We will continue to provide adequate fiscal, tax, and financial policy support to businesses that do not cut jobs or only cut a small number of them. We will continue to reduce premiums for unemployment insurance and workers’ compensation, and expand the scope of time-limited policies aimed at helping businesses maintain payrolls, such as the refunding of unemployment insurance premiums. The duration of policies on work-based training organized by companies will be extended.
We will broaden channels for creating market-based employment, and leverage the role of business startups in boosting employment. The thresholds for obtaining employment will be lowered, and we will improve the national catalog of professional qualifications on a continuing basis, and relax or lift the years-of-experience requirements for taking qualification examinations for some license based professions.
We will support the development of new forms of employment and keep such employment well-regulated, and we will move faster to advance trials of occupational injury insurance. We will continue to subsidize contributions to social insurance made by workers in flexible employment, and allow people to access social security in the locality where they work even if they do not hold local residency.
We will work to ensure employment for key groups such as college graduates, ex-service members, and rural migrant workers, improve policies on employment support for people facing difficulties like those with disabilities and members of zero-employment families, and help unemployed people find work.
We will expand the scope of use for vocational skills training funds, launch large-scale, multi-level vocational skills training programs, and complete the goals of the three-year initiative on providing vocational skills training and expanding enrollment in vocational colleges. A number of bases for training highly-skilled personnel will be opened. The public employment services system will be improved. An initiative will be carried out to boost the quality of employment services.
We will use employment subsidies and other funds to support the development of labor, talent, and casual labor markets, so as to widen the avenues of employment and enable people who are willing and able to work to find more equitable job opportunities.
（二）深入推進重點領域改革，更大激發市場主體活力。在落實助企紓困政策的同時，加大力度推動相關改革，培育更加活躍更有創造力的市場主體。
2. Advancing reforms in key areas and further energizing market entities
While implementing policies to ease enterprises’ difficulties, we will also intensify reforms to foster more dynamic and innovative market entities.
進一步轉變政府職能。充分發揮市場在資源配置中的決定性作用，更好發揮政府作用，推動有效市場和有為政府更好結合。繼續放寬市場準入，開展要素市場化配置綜合改革試點，依法平等保護各類市場主體產權?？v深推進“放管服”改革，加快營造市場化、法治化、國際化營商環境。將行政許可事項全部納入清單管理。深化“證照分離”改革，大力推進涉企審批減環節、減材料、減時限、減費用。完善市場主體退出機制，實行中小微企業簡易注銷制度。實施工業產品準入制度改革，推進汽車、電子電器等行業生產準入和流通管理全流程改革。把有效監管作為簡政放權的必要保障，全面落實監管責任，加強對取消或下放審批事項的事中事后監管，完善分級分類監管政策，健全跨部門綜合監管制度，大力推行“互聯網+監管”，提升監管能力，加大失信懲處力度，以公正監管促進優勝劣汰。加強數字政府建設，建立健全政務數據共享協調機制，推動電子證照擴大應用領域和全國互通互認，實現更多政務服務事項網上辦、掌上辦、一次辦。企業和群眾經常辦理的事項，今年要基本實現“跨省通辦”。
We will further transform the functions of government.
We will fully leverage the decisive role of the market in allocating resources and give better play to the role of government, to ensure better alignment between an efficient market and a well-functioning government. We will continue to expand market access, pilot a comprehensive reform on the market-based allocation of production factors, and ensure equal protection for the property rights of various market entities in accordance with the law.
We will deepen reforms to streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services and, move faster to create a market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized business environment. We will practice list-based management for all items requiring administrative approval. We will advance the reform for separating operating permits from business licenses, and devote major efforts to reducing the procedures, documents, time, and expenses required for government review of applications by enterprises.
The mechanism for market entities to exit the market will be refined, and the system for deregistering MSMEs with simplified procedures will be implemented. We will reform the system of market access for industrial products, and advance reform of the entire management process, from production access to marketing, for several industries such as the automobile, electronic, and electric appliances industries.
Effective regulation is necessary for our efforts to streamline administration and delegate power. We will see that all regulatory responsibilities of government are fulfilled. We will strengthen ongoing and ex post oversight of items for which approval has been cancelled or delegated to lower-level authorities. We will refine regulatory policies covering different levels and categories, and improve the system of comprehensive inter-agency regulation. We will also advance the Internet plus regulation model to enhance our capacity for conducting regulation. We will impose stiffer penalties on acts of bad faith, and carry out regulation in an impartial way to ensure that well-performing businesses succeed in market competition and those which are poorly run are eliminated.
We will work to build a digital government. We will set up a sound coordination mechanism for sharing government data, expand the application, and promote mutual nationwide recognition, of electronic licenses and certificates, and ensure more government services are accessible online and on cellphone applications with the need for only one application process. This year, high-demand government services should generally be provided on an inter-provincial basis.
用改革辦法推動降低企業生產經營成本。推進能源、交通、電信等基礎性行業改革，提高服務效率，降低收費水平。允許所有制造業企業參與電力市場化交易，進一步清理用電不合理加價，繼續推動降低一般工商業電價。中小企業寬帶和專線平均資費再降10%。全面推廣高速公路差異化收費，堅決整治違規設置妨礙貨車通行的道路限高限寬設施和檢查卡點。取消港口建設費，將民航發展基金航空公司征收標準降低20%。鼓勵受疫情影響較大的地方對承租國有房屋的服務業小微企業和個體工商戶減免租金。推動各類中介機構公開服務條件、流程、時限和收費標準。要嚴控非稅收入不合理增長，嚴厲整治亂收費、亂罰款、亂攤派，不得擾民漁利，讓市場主體安心經營、輕裝前行。
We will work to reduce enterprises’ production and operating costs through reform.
We will advance the reform of basic sectors like energy, transportation and telecommunications to provide more efficient services and reduce charges. All manufacturing enterprises will be allowed to engage in market-based electricity transactions. Further steps will be taken to cut unjustified surcharges on electricity use; electricity rates for general industrial and commercial businesses will be further reduced.
Average rates for broadband and dedicated internet access services for small and medium enterprises will be lowered by another 10 percent. We will introduce differentiated pricing for expressway tolls nationwide and take firm measures to rectify irregular height and width limits and checkpoints that affect freight traffic. The port development fee will be abolished. Airlines’ contributions to the civil aviation development fund will be cut by 20 percent.
Governments in localities that were hit hard by Covid-19 will be encouraged to lower or waive rentals on state-owned property for micro and small businesses in the service sector and for self-employed individuals.
Various intermediary agencies will be urged to make public their terms of service, procedures, timeframes, and charges.
Unjustified growth in non-tax government revenue will be strictly checked, tough steps will be taken to end arbitrary charges, fines, and quotas, and no action that seeks to make gains at the expense of our people and businesses will be tolerated.
All these efforts will lighten the burden on market entities and enable them to focus on doing business free from undue concern.
促進多種所有制經濟共同發展。堅持和完善社會主義基本經濟制度。毫不動搖鞏固和發展公有制經濟，毫不動搖鼓勵、支持、引導非公有制經濟發展。各類市場主體都是國家現代化的建設者，要一視同仁、平等對待。深入實施國企改革三年行動，做強做優做大國有資本和國有企業。深化國有企業混合所有制改革。構建親清政商關系，破除制約民營企業發展的各種壁壘。健全防范和化解拖欠中小企業賬款長效機制。弘揚企業家精神。國家支持平臺企業創新發展、增強國際競爭力，同時要依法規范發展，健全數字規則。強化反壟斷和防止資本無序擴張，堅決維護公平競爭市場環境。
We will promote the common development of enterprises under diverse forms of ownership.
We will continue to practice and improve the basic socialist economic system. We will work unswervingly to both consolidate and develop the public sector and encourage, support, and guide the development of the non-public sector. All market entities, regardless of their type, are participants in China’s modernization endeavors, and each and every one of them must be treated as equals.
We will continue to implement the three-year action plan for SOE reform, and work to strengthen, expand, and increase the returns on state capital and enhance the strength, quality, and size of SOEs. We will also push ahead with mixed-ownership reform in SOEs.
We will build a cordial and clean relationship between government and business, remove barriers to the development of private businesses, improve the long-term mechanism for preventing and resolving late payments to small and medium businesses, and promote an entrepreneurial spirit.
The state supports platform enterprises in pursuing innovative development and enhancing international competitiveness; it will ensure that their business operations are well-regulated in accordance with the law and take steps to refine digital rules. We will step up efforts against business monopolies and guard against unregulated expansion of capital, and ensure fair market competition.
深化財稅金融體制改革。強化預算約束和績效管理，加大預算公開力度，精簡享受稅費優惠政策的辦理流程和手續。落實中央與地方財政事權和支出責任劃分改革方案。健全地方稅體系。繼續多渠道補充中小銀行資本、強化公司治理，深化農村信用社改革，推進政策性銀行分類分賬改革，提升保險保障和服務功能。穩步推進注冊制改革，完善常態化退市機制，加強債券市場建設，更好發揮多層次資本市場作用，拓展市場主體融資渠道。強化金融控股公司和金融科技監管，確保金融創新在審慎監管的前提下進行。完善金融風險處置工作機制，壓實各方責任，堅決守住不發生系統性風險的底線。金融機構要堅守服務實體經濟的本分。
We will deepen reforms of the fiscal, taxation, and financial systems.
We will strengthen budget constraints and performance management, and promote greater budget transparency. Procedures for accessing preferential tax and fee policies will be streamlined. The reform plan for defining the respective fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities of central and local governments will be implemented. The local tax systems will be improved.
We will continue to replenish capital and strengthen corporate governance of small and medium banks through multiple channels, deepen the reform of rural credit cooperatives, advance the reform on policy banks by carrying out category-based management for specific accounts, and strengthen the role of insurance in protecting against risks and providing services.
We will steadily advance the reform to establish a registration-based IPO system, improve delisting as a normal practice, and step up development of the bond market, so as to better exert the role of multi-level capital markets and open up more financing channels for market entities.
We will strengthen regulation over financial holding companies and financial technology to ensure that financial innovations are made under prudent regulation. We will improve the mechanism for managing financial risks, see responsibilities are fulfilled by all the stakeholders, and ensure that no systemic risks arise. Financial institutions must serve the real economy as they should do.
（三）依靠創新推動實體經濟高質量發展，培育壯大新動能。促進科技創新與實體經濟深度融合，更好發揮創新驅動發展作用。
3. Promoting high-quality development of the real economy through innovation and fostering new growth drivers
We will see that scientific and technological innovations are fully applied in the real economy, and we will better leverage the role of innovation in driving development.
提升科技創新能力。強化國家戰略科技力量，推進國家實驗室建設，完善科技項目和創新基地布局。實施好關鍵核心技術攻關工程，深入謀劃推進“科技創新2030－重大項目”，改革科技重大專項實施方式，推廣“揭榜掛帥”等機制。支持有條件的地方建設國際和區域科技創新中心，增強國家自主創新示范區等帶動作用。發展疾病防治攻關等民生科技。促進科技開放合作。加強知識產權保護。加強科研誠信建設，弘揚科學精神，營造良好創新生態?；A研究是科技創新的源頭，要健全穩定支持機制，大幅增加投入，中央本級基礎研究支出增長10.6%，落實擴大經費使用自主權政策，優化項目申報、評審、經費管理、人才評價和激勵機制，努力消除科研人員不合理負擔，使他們能夠沉下心來致力科學探索，以“十年磨一劍”精神在關鍵核心領域實現重大突破。
We will raise our capacity for pursuing scientific and technological innovation.
We will improve our strategic scientific and technological strength. The building of national laboratories will continue, and the layout of science and technology programs and innovation centers will be improved. We will ensure the success of projects launched to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields, further plan and implement the Sci-Tech Innovation 2030 Agenda, reform the way that major science and technology programs are implemented, and extend mechanisms, such as the open competition mechanism to select the best candidates to undertake key research projects, to more areas.
We support localities with requisite conditions to develop international and regional centers for science and technology innovation, and better leverage the guiding role of institutions such as national innovation demonstration zones. We encourage advances in science and technology that promote people’s wellbeing, such as breakthroughs in the prevention and control of diseases. We also encourage opening up and international cooperation in the science and technology sector, and we are firmly committed to protecting intellectual property. We will heighten awareness of research integrity, promote the spirit of science, and create a favorable ecosystem for innovation.
Basic research is the wellspring of scientific and technological innovation. So we will ensure the stable functioning of funding mechanisms for basic research and boost spending in this area by a considerable sum. Central government expenditures on basic research will increase by 10.6 percent. Research institutes will have more say about how funds should be used, and the mechanisms for project applications, assessments, fund management, and personnel evaluations and incentives will be refined. We will work hard to help researchers get rid of undue burdens and enable them to fully devote their time and energy to making scientific explorations and major breakthroughs in key technologies, just as a blacksmith in the past would spend years forging the perfect sword.
運用市場化機制激勵企業創新。強化企業創新主體地位，鼓勵領軍企業組建創新聯合體，拓展產學研用融合通道，健全科技成果產權激勵機制，完善創業投資監管體制和發展政策，縱深推進大眾創業萬眾創新。延續執行企業研發費用加計扣除75%政策，將制造業企業加計扣除比例提高到100%，用稅收優惠機制激勵企業加大研發投入，著力推動企業以創新引領發展。
We will leverage market forces to encourage enterprises to engage in innovation.
We will boost the principal role of enterprises in innovation, and encourage leading enterprises to establish innovation consortia. We will expand the channels that bring together enterprises, universities, research institutes and end-users, and refine the equity-based incentive mechanisms for scientific and technological advances.
We will improve the regulatory system and development policies for venture capital, and further promote business startups and innovation initiatives. We will continue to implement the policy of granting an extra tax deduction of 75 percent on enterprises’ R&D costs, and we will raise this to 100 percent for manufacturing enterprises. By employing such mechanisms for preferential tax treatment, we can encourage enterprises to increase R&D spending and pursue innovation-driven development.
優化和穩定產業鏈供應鏈。繼續完成“三去一降一補”重要任務。對先進制造業企業按月全額退還增值稅增量留抵稅額，提高制造業貸款比重，擴大制造業設備更新和技術改造投資。增強產業鏈供應鏈自主可控能力，實施好產業基礎再造工程，發揮大企業引領支撐和中小微企業協作配套作用。發展工業互聯網，促進產業鏈和創新鏈融合，搭建更多共性技術研發平臺，提升中小微企業創新能力和專業化水平。加大5G網絡和千兆光網建設力度，豐富應用場景。加強網絡安全、數據安全和個人信息保護。統籌新興產業布局。加強質量基礎設施建設，深入實施質量提升行動，完善標準體系，促進產業鏈上下游標準有效銜接，弘揚工匠精神，以精工細作提升中國制造品質。
We will ensure the stable operation of industrial and supply chains and improve them.
We will continue working on the five priority tasks of cutting overcapacity, reducing excess housing inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and strengthening areas of weakness. We will refund all due VAT credits to advanced manufacturing enterprises on a monthly basis, raise the proportion of loans to the manufacturing sector, and increase investment in the equipment upgrades and technology transformations of manufacturing enterprises.
We will see that industrial and supply chains are more self-supporting and that their risks are better controlled. We will implement projects for upgrading foundational industrial infrastructure and give full play to large enterprises’ capacity to provide leadership and support, and to the collaborative and supporting role of MSMEs.
We will further develop the industrial internet, promote the integration of industrial and innovation chains, and build additional platforms for generic technology R&D to enhance the capacity of MSMEs for making innovations and engaging in specialized production.
The development of the 5G networks and 1000M fiber optic networks will be stepped up and their application will be extended to more settings. Cybersecurity, data security, and personal information protection will be strengthened. The layout of emerging industries will be planned in a well-coordinated way. China’s National Quality Infrastructure will be strengthened, intensified efforts will be made to enhance quality, and the system of standards will be improved to ensure standards are aligned throughout the industrial chain. We will champion the pursuit of fine workmanship to boost the quality of Chinese manufacturing.
（四）堅持擴大內需這個戰略基點，充分挖掘國內市場潛力。緊緊圍繞改善民生拓展需求，促進消費與投資有效結合，實現供需更高水平動態平衡。
4. Expanding domestic demand as a strategic move and fully tapping the potential of the domestic market
With a focus on improving the people’s wellbeing, we will expand demand, and promote better alignment between consumption and investment, so as to attain a more desirable and dynamic equilibrium between supply and demand.
穩定和擴大消費。多渠道增加居民收入。健全城鄉流通體系，加快電商、快遞進農村，擴大縣鄉消費。穩定增加汽車、家電等大宗消費，取消對二手車交易不合理限制，增加停車場、充電樁、換電站等設施，加快建設動力電池回收利用體系。發展健康、文化、旅游、體育等服務消費。鼓勵企業創新產品和服務，便利新產品市場準入，推進內外貿產品同線同標同質。保障小店商鋪等便民服務業有序運營。運用好“互聯網+”，推進線上線下更廣更深融合，發展新業態新模式，為消費者提供更多便捷舒心的服務和產品。引導平臺企業合理降低商戶服務費。穩步提高消費能力，改善消費環境，讓居民能消費、愿消費，以促進民生改善和經濟發展。
We will stabilize and expand consumption.
Personal incomes will be increased through multiple channels. Networks for the flow of goods and services in urban and rural areas will be improved, and rural e-commerce and express delivery services will be expanded to spur greater consumption at the county and township levels. We will encourage steady increases in spending on home appliances, automobiles, and other big-ticket items, and abolish excessive restrictions on sales of second-hand vehicles. More car parks and electric vehicle battery charging and swapping facilities will be built, and the system for recycling power batteries will be developed at a faster pace.
Consumption of services such as healthcare, culture, tourism, and sports will be promoted. Enterprises are encouraged to develop new products and services, and better market access will be provided for new products. We will ensure that products sold domestically are produced on the same production lines, meet the same standards, and are of the same quality as exported products.
We will ensure that convenience stores, shops, and other neighborhood services are well-run. We will use the Internet Plus model to promote integrated development of online and offline businesses in more fields and create new forms and models of business, thus providing more convenient and satisfying services for consumers. We will also encourage platform companies to reduce their service fees as appropriate.
By taking these steps, we will steadily improve people’s consumption capacity and the environment for consumption and ensure that our people have the ability and willingness to spend, thus improving their lives and driving economic development.
擴大有效投資。今年擬安排地方政府專項債券3.65萬億元，優化債券資金使用，優先支持在建工程，合理擴大使用范圍。中央預算內投資安排6100億元。繼續支持促進區域協調發展的重大工程，推進“兩新一重”建設，實施一批交通、能源、水利等重大工程項目，建設信息網絡等新型基礎設施，發展現代物流體系。政府投資更多向惠及面廣的民生項目傾斜，新開工改造城鎮老舊小區5.3萬個，提升縣城公共服務水平。簡化投資審批程序，推進實施企業投資項目承諾制。深化工程建設項目審批制度改革。完善支持社會資本參與政策，進一步拆除妨礙民間投資的各種藩籬，在更多領域讓社會資本進得來、能發展、有作為。
We will expand effective investment.
This year, 3.65 trillion yuan of local government special-purpose bonds will be issued and the way funds from bond issues are used will be improved. The scope of use for such bonds will be expanded as appropriate, with priority given to funding for key projects already under construction.
The central government will earmark a total of 610 billion yuan for investment in its budget. We will continue to support the construction of major projects that facilitate coordinated development among regions, and launch new infrastructure and new urbanization initiatives as well as major projects. We will also launch a number of major transportation, energy, and water conservancy projects, develop information networks and other new types of infrastructure, and work to modernize the logistics system.
Government investment will be weighted toward projects which will help significantly improve the people’s wellbeing. Rebuilding and renovation of 53,000 old urban residential communities will begin, and the public service standards of county towns will be raised.
Investment approval procedures will be streamlined, and the business-invested project commitment system will be put into practice. Reform of the system for construction project approval will be furthered. We will improve our policies for encouraging the participation of nongovernmental capital, and do more to remove barriers impeding private investment, so that such investment can enter, develop, and yield good returns in more fields.
（五）全面實施鄉村振興戰略，促進農業穩定發展和農民增收。接續推進脫貧地區發展，抓好農業生產，改善農村生產生活條件。
5. Implementing the rural revitalization strategy across the board and promoting steady development of agriculture and growth in rural incomes
We will continue to promote the development of areas that have been lifted out of poverty, bolster agricultural production, and improve working and living conditions in rural areas.
做好鞏固拓展脫貧攻堅成果同鄉村振興有效銜接。對脫貧縣從脫貧之日起設立5年過渡期，保持主要幫扶政策總體穩定。健全防止返貧動態監測和幫扶機制，促進脫貧人口穩定就業，加大技能培訓力度，發展壯大脫貧地區產業，做好易地搬遷后續扶持，分層分類加強對農村低收入人口常態化幫扶，確保不發生規模性返貧。在西部地區脫貧縣中集中支持一批鄉村振興重點幫扶縣。堅持和完善東西部協作和對口支援機制，發揮中央單位和社會力量幫扶作用，繼續支持脫貧地區增強內生發展能力。
We will align efforts to consolidate and expand the achievements in poverty alleviation with efforts to promote rural revitalization.
For counties lifted out of poverty, a five-year transition period will apply from the date poverty in their locality was eradicated, during which major assistance policies will remain unchanged for them. Continuous monitoring and assistance mechanisms will be enhanced to prevent populations that have been lifted out of poverty from falling back into it again. Stable employment for these populations should be ensured, and more skills training will be made available to them. We will further develop industries in areas that are no longer in poverty, provide follow-up support for those who have been relocated from inhospitable areas, and enhance regular and tiered assistance of various types to low-income rural residents. These steps will forestall a large-scale reemergence of poverty.
A number of counties lifted out of poverty in western China will be designated as key counties for receiving assistance for rural revitalization. The mechanisms for collaboration between the eastern and western regions and for providing paired assistance will remain in place and be improved. Central departments and organizations as well as non-governmental actors will continue to play their roles in providing assistance. All these efforts will help those areas which have been lifted out of poverty enhance their capacity for sustaining self-development.
提高糧食和重要農產品供給保障能力。保障糧食安全的要害是種子和耕地。要加強種質資源保護利用和優良品種選育推廣，開展農業關鍵核心技術攻關。提高高標準農田建設標準和質量，完善灌溉設施，強化耕地保護，堅決遏制耕地“非農化”、防止“非糧化”。推進農業機械化、智能化。建設國家糧食安全產業帶和農業現代化示范區。穩定種糧農民補貼，適度提高稻谷、小麥最低收購價，擴大完全成本和收入保險試點范圍。穩定糧食播種面積，提高單產和品質。多措并舉擴大油料生產。發展畜禽水產養殖，穩定和發展生豬生產。加強動植物疫病防控。保障農產品市場供應和價格基本穩定。開展糧食節約行動。解決好吃飯問題始終是頭等大事，我們一定要下力氣也完全有能力保障好14億人的糧食安全。
We will enhance our ability to ensure the supply of food and major agricultural products.
Seeds and cropland are crucial for safeguarding China’s food security. We will strengthen the protection and use of germplasm resources and the breeding and application of fine crop varieties, and strive to make key technological breakthroughs in agriculture.
The standards for maintaining high-quality farmland will be raised, and irrigation facilities will be improved. We will enhance the protection of cropland, and resolutely stop any attempt to use it for purposes other than agriculture and specifically grain production.
We will promote mechanization and digitalization of agriculture. Agricultural belts for national food security and demonstration zones for agricultural modernization will be developed. Subsidies for grain growers will be maintained, and minimum purchase prices for rice and wheat will be increased as appropriate. Pilot insurance programs covering total production costs and incomes will be expanded. Grain acreage will be kept stable, per unit crop yield will be increased, and the quality of grains will be raised.
We will adopt multiple measures to expand the production of oil-bearing crops, develop livestock, poultry, and aquaculture farming, and promote stable hog production. Prevention and control of animal and plant diseases will be enhanced.
We will ensure stability in the supply and prices of agricultural products, and launch food saving initiatives. Ensuring that our people have enough food remains a top priority for our government. We are resolved to ensure food security for our 1.4 billion people, and we know we can achieve this.
扎實推進農村改革和鄉村建設。鞏固和完善農村基本經營制度，保持土地承包關系穩定并長久不變，穩步推進多種形式適度規模經營，加快發展專業化社會化服務。穩慎推進農村宅基地制度改革試點。發展新型農村集體經濟。深化供銷社、集體林權、國有林區林場、農墾等改革。提高土地出讓收入用于農業農村比例。強化農村基本公共服務和公共基礎設施建設，促進縣域內城鄉融合發展。啟動農村人居環境整治提升五年行動。加強農村精神文明建設。保障農民工工資及時足額支付。加快發展鄉村產業，壯大縣域經濟，加強對返鄉創業的支持，拓寬農民就業渠道。千方百計使億萬農民多增收、有奔頭。
We will take solid steps in advancing rural reform and development.
We will consolidate and improve the system of basic rural operations. We will keep rural land contract relationships unchanged over the long term, steadily promote appropriately scaled agribusiness operations of various types, and speed up the development of specialized and commercial services. Trials for the reform of rural residential land will be advanced in a steady and prudent fashion. New rural collective economies will be developed. Reforms of supply and marketing cooperatives, collective forest tenure, state forestry areas and farms, and state farms will be deepened.
More of the revenue from land sales will be spent on agriculture and rural development. We will strengthen basic public services and infrastructure construction in rural areas and promote integrated urban-rural development in counties. A five-year program to improve the rural living environment will be launched, and cultural and ethical standards in rural areas will be raised.
We will ensure that rural migrant workers receive their pay on time and in full. We will promote faster development of rural industries, strengthen county economies, and provide more support for migrant workers to start businesses in their hometowns, so as to enable rural people to seek employment through more channels. We will do our utmost to see that rural residents in their hundreds of millions can earn higher incomes and embrace a brighter future.
（六）實行高水平對外開放，促進外貿外資穩中提質。實施更大范圍、更寬領域、更深層次對外開放，更好參與國際經濟合作。
6. Pursuing high-standard opening up and promoting stable and improved performance in foreign trade and investment
We will open up more sectors of the economy in a more thorough fashion and participate more fully in international economic cooperation.
推動進出口穩定發展。加強對中小外貿企業信貸支持，擴大出口信用保險覆蓋面、優化承保和理賠條件，深化貿易外匯收支便利化試點。穩定加工貿易，發展跨境電商等新業態新模式，支持企業開拓多元化市場。發展邊境貿易。創新發展服務貿易。優化調整進口稅收政策，增加優質產品和服務進口。加強貿易促進服務，辦好進博會、廣交會、服貿會及首屆中國國際消費品博覽會等重大展會。推動國際物流暢通，清理規范口岸收費，不斷提升通關便利化水平。
We will promote steady growth of imports and exports.
We will increase credit support to small and medium foreign trade firms, expand the coverage of export credit insurance and streamline the conditions for insurance acceptance and claims settlement. Trials to facilitate foreign exchange settlement for trade firms will be advanced. We will keep the processing trade stable, develop new forms and models of trade such as cross-border e-commerce, and support enterprises in diversifying their markets overseas. We will also develop border trade.
New approaches will be explored to develop trade in services. We will improve and adjust import tariff policies and increase imports of quality products and services. Trade promotion services will be improved, and good preparations will be made for holding major trade events such as the China International Import Expo, the China Import and Export Fair, the China International Fair for Trade in Services, and the first China International Consumer Products Expo. We will work to ensure smooth international logistics services, overhaul and standardize port charges, and further simplify customs clearance.
積極有效利用外資。進一步縮減外資準入負面清單。推動服務業有序開放，增設服務業擴大開放綜合試點，制定跨境服務貿易負面清單。推進海南自由貿易港建設，加強自貿試驗區改革開放創新，推動海關特殊監管區域與自貿試驗區統籌發展，發揮好各類開發區開放平臺作用。促進內外資企業公平競爭，依法保護外資企業合法權益。歡迎外商擴大在華投資，分享中國開放的大市場和發展機遇。
We will use foreign investment more effectively.
The negative list for foreign investment will be further cut. We will open the service sector in a well-regulated way, launch more comprehensive trials on its opening, and formulate a negative list for cross-border trade in services. We will further the development of the Hainan Free Trade Port, pursue reform, opening up, and innovation in pilot free trade zones, promote coordinated development of special customs regulation zones and pilot free trade zones, and fully leverage the role of economic development zones as platforms for opening up.
We will promote fair competition between domestic and foreign companies and protect the lawful rights and interests of foreign-invested enterprises. Foreign investors are welcome to expand their investments in China and share in its vast open market and development opportunities.
高質量共建“一帶一路”。堅持共商共建共享，堅持以企業為主體、遵循市場化原則，健全多元化投融資體系，強化法律服務保障，有序推動重大項目合作，推進基礎設施互聯互通。提升對外投資合作質量效益。
We will promote high-quality Belt and Road cooperation.
We are committed to the principle of achieving shared growth through consultation and collaboration. We will, with enterprises as the main actors and acting on market principles, set up a sound, diversified investment and financing framework, provide better legal services and safeguards, and work to steadily advance cooperation on major projects and promote infrastructure connectivity.
We will work to improve the performance of China’s outbound investment and international cooperation in this area.
深化多雙邊和區域經濟合作。堅定維護多邊貿易體制。推動區域全面經濟伙伴關系協定盡早生效實施、中歐投資協定簽署，加快中日韓自貿協定談判進程，積極考慮加入全面與進步跨太平洋伙伴關系協定。在相互尊重基礎上，推動中美平等互利經貿關系向前發展。中國愿與世界各國擴大相互開放，實現互利共贏。
We will deepen multilateral, bilateral, and regional economic cooperation.
We will continue to uphold the multilateral trading regime. We will work for the early entry into force and implementation of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement and the signing of the China-EU Comprehensive Agreement on Investment. We will accelerate China’s free trade negotiations with Japan and the Republic of Korea. China will actively consider joining the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership. We will promote the growth of mutually beneficial China-US business relations on the basis of equality and mutual respect. China stands ready to work with other countries to achieve mutual benefits on the basis of greater mutual opening.
（七）加強污染防治和生態建設，持續改善環境質量。深入實施可持續發展戰略，鞏固藍天、碧水、凈土保衛戰成果，促進生產生活方式綠色轉型。
7. Enhancing Pollution Prevention and Control and Ecological Conservation and Promoting Continuous Environmental Improvement
We will fully implement the sustainable development strategy, consolidate the gains in our endeavors to keep our skies blue, our waters clear, and our lands pollution-free, and transition to eco-friendly production and ways of life.
繼續加大生態環境治理力度。強化大氣污染綜合治理和聯防聯控，加強細顆粒物和臭氧協同控制，北方地區清潔取暖率達到70%。整治入河入海排污口和城市黑臭水體，提高城鎮生活污水收集和園區工業廢水處置能力，嚴格土壤污染源頭防控，加強農業面源污染治理。繼續嚴禁洋垃圾入境。有序推進城鎮生活垃圾分類處置。推動快遞包裝綠色轉型。加強危險廢物醫療廢物收集處理。研究制定生態保護補償條例。落實長江十年禁漁，實施生物多樣性保護重大工程，科學推進荒漠化、石漠化、水土流失綜合治理，持續開展大規模國土綠化行動，保護海洋生態環境，推進生態系統保護和修復，讓我們生活的家園擁有更多碧水藍天。
We will continue to intensify efforts to improve the environment.
We will strengthen comprehensive measures and joint efforts on air pollution prevention and control, and step up coordination on the control of fine particulate matter and ozone pollution. Clean heating will account for 70 percent of all heating in northern China.
We will clean up sewage outfalls into seas and rivers and black, malodorous water bodies in cities. We will enhance our capacity to collect urban household sewage and to treat waste water from industrial parks. We will take stringent measures to prevent soil pollution at the source, and take stronger action to address agricultural pollution from non-point sources.
The ban on the importation of solid waste will remain in place. Urban household waste sorting will be promoted in a well-planned way, the use of eco-friendly express delivery packaging will be encouraged, and the collection and treatment of hazardous waste and medical waste will be improved.
The formulation of regulations on compensation for environmental conservation will be put on the agenda. We will enforce a ten-year fishing ban in the waters of the Yangtze River, and carry out major biodiversity protection projects. We will systematically promote comprehensive control of desertification, rocky desertification, and soil erosion, continue to launch large-scale land greening programs, protect the marine environment, and protect and restore ecosystems. We hope that our common home will have clearer waters and the skies above it will be bluer.
扎實做好碳達峰、碳中和各項工作。制定2030年前碳排放達峰行動方案。優化產業結構和能源結構。推動煤炭清潔高效利用，大力發展新能源，在確保安全的前提下積極有序發展核電。擴大環境保護、節能節水等企業所得稅優惠目錄范圍，促進新型節能環保技術、裝備和產品研發應用，培育壯大節能環保產業，推動資源節約高效利用。加快建設全國用能權、碳排放權交易市場，完善能源消費雙控制度。實施金融支持綠色低碳發展專項政策，設立碳減排支持工具。提升生態系統碳匯能力。中國作為地球村的一員，將以實際行動為全球應對氣候變化作出應有貢獻。
We will take solid steps toward the goals of achieving peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality.
We will draw up an action plan for carbon emissions to peak by 2030. China’s industrial structure and energy mix will be improved. While promoting the clean and efficient use of coal, we will make a major push to develop new energy sources, and take active and well-ordered steps to develop nuclear energy on the basis of ensuring its safe use.
We will expand the catalog of corporate income tax credits for environmental protection and the conservation of water and energy, and promote the development and application of new types of energy-efficient and eco-friendly technologies, equipment and products, and the cultivation of energy-saving and environmental protection industries to ensure the conservation and efficient use of resources.
We will accelerate the development of national markets for trading energy use rights and carbon emissions rights, and improve the system to control both the total amount and intensity of energy consumption. We will introduce special policies on providing financial support for green and low-carbon development, devise instruments for supporting the reduction of carbon emissions, and enhance the carbon absorption capacity of ecosystems.
As a member of the global village, China will continue to take concrete action to play its part in the global response to climate change.
（八）切實增進民生福祉，不斷提高社會建設水平。注重解民憂、紓民困，及時回應群眾關切，持續改善人民生活。
8. Improving living standards and steadily advancing social development
We will, with a focus on resolving the difficulties of our people, respond promptly to public concerns and continue working to improve people’s lives.
發展更加公平更高質量的教育。構建德智體美勞全面培養的教育體系。推動義務教育優質均衡發展和城鄉一體化，加快補齊農村辦學條件短板，健全教師工資保障長效機制，改善鄉村教師待遇。進一步提高學前教育入園率，完善普惠性學前教育保障機制，支持社會力量辦園。鼓勵高中階段學校多樣化發展，加強縣域高中建設。增強職業教育適應性，深化產教融合、校企合作，深入實施職業技能等級證書制度。辦好特殊教育、繼續教育，支持和規范民辦教育發展。分類建設一流大學和一流學科，加快優化學科專業結構，加強基礎學科和前沿學科建設，促進新興交叉學科發展。支持中西部高等教育發展。加大國家通用語言文字推廣力度。發揮在線教育優勢，完善終身學習體系。倡導全社會尊師重教。深化教育評價改革，健全學校家庭社會協同育人機制，規范校外培訓。加強師德師風建設。在教育公平上邁出更大步伐，更好解決進城務工人員子女就學問題，高校招生繼續加大對中西部和農村地區傾斜力度，努力讓廣大學生健康快樂成長，讓每個孩子都有人生出彩的機會。
We will develop more equitable and higher-quality education.
We will build an education system that ensures the well-rounded development of students in terms of moral grounding, intellectual and physical ability, aesthetic sensibility, and work skills. We will promote high-quality, well-balanced, and integrated development of compulsory education in both urban and rural areas. We will work quickly to improve the basic conditions of rural schools, refine the long-term mechanism for ensuring salary payments to teachers, and improve the pay packages of teachers in rural schools.
We will raise the preschool enrollment ratio, improve the mechanism to support public-interest pre-school education, and support private actors in running kindergartens. We will encourage the diversified development of senior secondary schools and the development of county high schools.
We will enhance the adaptability of vocational education, deepen industry-education integration and school-enterprise cooperation, and implement the system of vocational technical grade certificates. We will provide high-quality special needs education and continuing education, and support the development of private schools in a well-regulated way.
We will develop first-rate universities and academic disciplines on a categorized basis, move faster to improve the composition of disciplines and majors, and promote the development of foundational disciplines, cutting-edge disciplines, and emerging inter-disciplinary fields. We will support the development of higher education in the central and western regions.
Efforts to promote standard spoken and written Chinese will be stepped up. We will give full play to the advantages of online education, improve the lifelong learning system, and encourage public respect for teachers and public support for education. We will further the reform of educational assessment, improve the mechanism of school-family-society cooperation in educating students, and keep off-campus training well-regulated.
We will strengthen the professional ethics and competence of teachers, and make major strides in ensuring equitable education. We will endeavor to provide better schooling for children of rural migrant workers in cities, and continue to have universities and colleges enroll more students from the central and western regions and rural areas. We will ensure that students live healthy and happy lives and that every child has the opportunity to fulfill their potential.
推進衛生健康體系建設。堅持預防為主，持續推進健康中國行動，深入開展愛國衛生運動，深化疾病預防控制體系改革，強化基層公共衛生體系，創新醫防協同機制，健全公共衛生應急處置和物資保障體系，建立穩定的公共衛生事業投入機制。加強精神衛生和心理健康服務。深化公立醫院綜合改革，擴大國家醫學中心和區域醫療中心建設試點，加強全科醫生和鄉村醫生隊伍建設，提升縣級醫療服務能力，加快建設分級診療體系。堅持中西醫并重，實施中醫藥振興發展重大工程。支持社會辦醫，促進“互聯網+醫療健康”規范發展。強化食品藥品疫苗監管。優化預約診療等便民措施，努力讓大病、急難病患者盡早得到治療。居民醫保和基本公共衛生服務經費人均財政補助標準分別再增加30元和5元，推動基本醫保省級統籌、門診費用跨省直接結算。建立健全門診共濟保障機制，逐步將門診費用納入統籌基金報銷，完善短缺藥品保供穩價機制，采取把更多慢性病、常見病藥品和高值醫用耗材納入集中帶量采購等辦法，進一步明顯降低患者醫藥負擔。
We will improve the healthcare system.
We will, with emphasis on prevention, continue to advance the Healthy China initiative and carry out extensive patriotic health campaigns. We will deepen the reform of the system for disease prevention and control, strengthen community-level public health systems, and develop new mechanisms for enhancing coordination between disease prevention and control agencies and hospitals. We will improve the system for responding to public health emergencies and providing emergency supplies, and put in place a mechanism for ensuring stable funding for public health institutions. We will attach greater importance to mental and psychological health.
We will advance the comprehensive reform of public hospitals, expand trials on setting up national medical centers and regional medical centers, strengthen the ranks of general practitioners and rural doctors, and improve the capacity of medical services at the county level. The tiered diagnosis and treatment system will be developed at a faster pace. We will support both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and a major project will be launched to promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine. We will support the development of private hospitals, and promote well-regulated growth of Internet Plus Healthcare initiatives. We will tighten regulation and supervision of food, drugs, and vaccines.
We will take steps to make medical treatment more accessible, such as simplifying medical appointment procedures, so as to ensure that patients with severe, acute, or hard-to-treat diseases receive treatment as soon as possible. Government subsidies for basic medical insurance for rural and non-working urban residents will increase by an average of 30 yuan per person, and subsides for basic public health services will increase by 5 yuan per person. We will promote provincial-level unified management of basic medical insurance funds and realize inter-provincial on-the-spot settlement of outpatient bills through individual accounts for basic medical insurance.
We will also develop a general support mechanism for covering outpatient medical bills, and take gradual steps toward reimbursing outpatient bills through unified accounts. We will improve the mechanism for ensuring provision of medicines in short supply and keeping their prices stable. More medicines for chronic and common illnesses and high-priced medical consumables will be covered by bulk government purchases. These are all steps that will lighten the burden on patients by another considerable margin.
保障好群眾住房需求。堅持房子是用來住的、不是用來炒的定位，穩地價、穩房價、穩預期。解決好大城市住房突出問題，通過增加土地供應、安排專項資金、集中建設等辦法，切實增加保障性租賃住房和共有產權住房供給，規范發展長租房市場，降低租賃住房稅費負擔，盡最大努力幫助新市民、青年人等緩解住房困難。
We will strive to meet people’s housing needs.
Upholding the principle that housing is for living in, not for speculation, we will keep the prices of land and housing as well as market expectations stable. We will address prominent housing issues in large cities. By increasing land supply, earmarking special funds, and carrying out concentrated development schemes, we will increase the supply of government-subsidized rental housing and shared ownership housing. We will ensure well-regulated development of the long-term rental housing market, and cut taxes and fees on rental housing. We will make every effort to address the housing difficulties faced by our people, especially new urban residents and young people.
加強基本民生保障。提高退休人員基本養老金、優撫對象撫恤和生活補助標準。推進基本養老保險全國統籌，規范發展第三支柱養老保險。完善全國統一的社會保險公共服務平臺。加強軍人軍屬、退役軍人和其他優撫對象優待工作，健全退役軍人工作體系和保障制度。繼續實施失業保險保障擴圍政策。促進醫養康養相結合，穩步推進長期護理保險制度試點。發展普惠型養老服務和互助性養老。發展嬰幼兒照護服務。發展社區養老、托幼、用餐、保潔等多樣化服務，加強配套設施和無障礙設施建設，實施更優惠政策，讓社區生活更加便利。完善傳統服務保障措施，為老年人等群體提供更周全更貼心的服務。推進智能化服務要適應老年人、殘疾人需求，并做到不讓智能工具給他們日常生活造成障礙。健全幫扶殘疾人、孤兒等社會福利制度，加強殘疾預防，提升殘疾康復服務質量。分層分類做好社會救助，及時幫扶受疫情災情影響的困難群眾，堅決兜住民生底線。
We will do more to meet people’s basic living needs.
We will increase the basic pension for retirees and the subsidies and living allowances for entitled groups, and work toward unified national management of basic old-age insurance funds. As the third pillar, private pensions will develop in a well-regulated way. The national social insurance public service platform will be improved.
We will increase the benefits for service members and their families, ex-service members, and other entitled groups, while also refining our work systems and support mechanisms for ex-service members. The coverage of unemployment insurance will be further expanded. We will promote the integration of medical care and health care, and steadily advance trials of long-term care insurance. We will develop public-interest elderly care services and mutual-aid elderly care, as well as infant and child care services.
We will develop diversified community services, including elderly care, child care, dining services, and cleaning services, build more supporting facilities and barrier-free facilities, and introduce more preferential policies to make life more convenient for community residents. We will improve traditional services, and provide elderly people and other groups with more comprehensive and considerate services. The rollout of smart services should also cater to elderly people and people with disabilities, so that smart devices do not become a barrier in their daily lives.
We will refine the social welfare systems for orphans and people with disabilities, strengthen disability prevention, and provide quality rehabilitation services for people with disabilities. We will provide social assistance of different types at different levels and ensure timely help and support for people in difficulty due to Covid-19 or natural disasters. We are fully determined to ensure that the basic living needs of all our people are met.
更好滿足人民群眾精神文化需求。培育和踐行社會主義核心價值觀，弘揚偉大抗疫精神和脫貧攻堅精神，推進公民道德建設。繁榮新聞出版、廣播影視、文學藝術、哲學社會科學和檔案等事業。加強互聯網內容建設和管理，發展積極健康的網絡文化。傳承弘揚中華優秀傳統文化，加強文物保護利用和非物質文化遺產傳承，建設國家文化公園。推進城鄉公共文化服務體系一體建設，創新實施文化惠民工程，倡導全民閱讀。深化中外人文交流。完善全民健身公共服務體系。精心籌辦北京冬奧會、冬殘奧會等綜合性體育賽事。
We will better meet the intellectual and cultural needs of our people.
We will cultivate and promote the core socialist values, carry forward the great spirit forged in the battle against Covid-19 and in the fight against poverty, and foster civic virtue. China’s press and publishing, radio, film, and television, literature and art, philosophy, social sciences, and archives will continue to flourish. More efforts will be made to ensure the quality of online content through improved management, and to cultivate a positive and healthy online culture.
Fine traditional Chinese culture will be preserved and carried forward. China’s cultural and historical artifacts will be placed under effective protection and put to good use, and our intangible cultural heritage will be kept alive. We will build national cultural parks. We will promote integrated development of urban and rural public cultural services and launch new public cultural projects. A love of reading will be fostered among our people.
China’s cultural and people-to-people exchanges with other countries will be deepened. The public service system for fitness and physical activity will be improved. We will make meticulous preparations for the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics in Beijing and other major sports events.
加強和創新社會治理。夯實基層社會治理基礎，健全城鄉社區治理和服務體系，推進市域社會治理現代化試點。加強社會信用體系建設。大力發展社會工作，支持社會組織、人道救助、志愿服務、公益慈善發展。保障婦女、兒童、老年人、殘疾人合法權益。繼續完善信訪制度，推進矛盾糾紛多元化解。加強法律援助工作，啟動實施“八五”普法規劃。加強應急救援力量建設，提高防災減災抗災救災能力，切實做好洪澇干旱、森林草原火災、地質災害、地震等防御和氣象服務。完善和落實安全生產責任制，深入開展安全生產專項整治三年行動，堅決遏制重特大事故發生。完善社會治安防控體系，常態化開展掃黑除惡斗爭，防范打擊各類犯罪，維護社會穩定和安全。
We will strengthen social governance and develop new ways to conduct it.
We will consolidate the foundations of primary-level governance, improve the governance and service systems for urban and rural communities, and advance trials on modernizing municipal social governance. The social credit system will be improved. We will enhance social services, support the development of social organizations, humanitarian assistance, volunteer service, public-interest activities, and charity. We will protect the lawful rights and interests of women, children, the elderly, and people with disabilities. The system for handling public complaints will be further refined and more efforts will be made to resolve social disputes through multiple channels. The provision of legal aid will be strengthened and the eighth five-year plan for increasing public knowledge of the law will be launched.
We will strengthen our emergency rescue capacity and disaster prevention, mitigation, response, and relief capabilities. We will make solid efforts to protect against floods, droughts, forest and grassland fires, geological disasters, and earthquakes, and provide quality meteorological services.
We will improve and implement the system of accountability for workplace safety, carry out a three-year campaign to promote workplace safety, and take firm measures to prevent serious and major accidents.
We will improve the crime prevention and control system, make efforts to combat organized crime and root out local criminal gangs on an ongoing basis, and prevent and punish crimes of all types to effectively safeguard social stability and public safety.
各位代表！
Fellow Deputies,
面對新的任務和挑戰，各級政府要增強“四個意識”、堅定“四個自信”、做到“兩個維護”，自覺在思想上政治上行動上同以習近平同志為核心的黨中央保持高度一致，踐行以人民為中心的發展思想，不斷提高政治判斷力、政治領悟力、政治執行力，落實全面從嚴治黨要求。扎實開展黨史學習教育。加強法治政府建設，切實依法行政。堅持政務公開。嚴格規范公正文明執法。依法接受同級人大及其常委會的監督，自覺接受人民政協的民主監督，主動接受社會和輿論監督。強化審計監督。支持工會、共青團、婦聯等群團組織更好發揮作用。深入推進黨風廉政建設和反腐敗斗爭，鍥而不舍落實中央八項規定精神。政府工作人員要自覺接受法律監督、監察監督和人民監督。加強廉潔政府建設，持續整治不正之風和腐敗問題。
In the face of new tasks and challenges, our governments at all levels must be keenly aware of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership. We should stay confident in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics; and we should uphold General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and uphold the Party Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership.
We will closely follow the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core in thinking, stance, and action, practice the people-centered development philosophy, keep enhancing our capacity for political judgment, thinking, and implementation, and enforce full and strict Party self-governance. We will carry out activities to study the history of the CPC. We will boost development of a government based on the rule of law, conduct administration in accordance with the law, and ensure transparency in all government affairs. We will work to ensure that law enforcement is strict, procedure-based, impartial, and civil.
We will, in compliance with the law, subject ourselves to the oversight of people’s congresses and their standing committees at the corresponding level, and readily submit to the democratic oversight of the CPPCC, public oversight, and oversight through public opinion, while strengthening auditing-based oversight. We will support trade unions, Communist Youth League organizations, women’s federations, and other people’s organizations in better playing their roles.
We will work harder to improve Party conduct, ensure clean government, and root out corruption, and continue to implement the central Party leadership’s eight-point decision on conduct. We in government must readily subject ourselves to the oversight of the law, supervisory bodies, and the people. We will intensify efforts to build a clean government and continue to prevent misconduct and corruption.
中國經濟社會發展已經取得了輝煌的成就，但全面實現現代化還有相當長的路要走，仍要付出艱苦努力。必須立足社會主義初級階段基本國情，著力辦好自己的事。要始終把人民放在心中最高位置，堅持實事求是，求真務實謀發展、惠民生。要力戒形式主義、官僚主義，切忌在工作中搞“一刀切”，切實為基層松綁減負。要居安思危，增強憂患意識，事不畏難、責不避險，有效防范化解各種風險隱患。要調動一切可以調動的積極因素，推進改革開放，更大激發市場主體活力和社會創造力，用發展的辦法解決發展不平衡不充分問題。要擔當作為，實干苦干，不斷創造人民期待的發展業績。
Although remarkable achievements have been made in China’s economic and social development, we still have quite a way to go and a lot of hard work to do before we can achieve modernization in all respects. We must bear in mind the reality that China is still in the primary stage of socialism and run our affairs well.
For all of us in government, the people must always be uppermost in our minds. We must take a fact-based approach, and pursue development and improve people’s lives in a realistic and pragmatic way.
We must guard against pointless formalities and bureaucratism and one-size-fits-all approaches in our work, so as to truly lighten the burden on all those working on the ground.
We need to remain vigilant, be prepared for adversity, face difficulties squarely, and shoulder responsibility bravely to effectively prevent and defuse various risks and potential dangers.
We should keep everyone motivated in advancing reform and opening up, and further energize market entities and unlock social creativity. In the course of pursuing development, we will take steps to address imbalances and inadequacies in development. We must take on responsibility, work hard, and continue creating achievements to meet the expectation of our people.
各位代表！
Fellow Deputies,
我們要堅持和完善民族區域自治制度，全面貫徹黨的民族政策，鑄牢中華民族共同體意識，促進各民族共同團結奮斗、共同繁榮發展。全面貫徹黨的宗教工作基本方針，堅持我國宗教的中國化方向，積極引導宗教與社會主義社會相適應。全面貫徹黨的僑務政策，維護海外僑胞和歸僑僑眷合法權益，更大凝聚中華兒女共創輝煌的磅礴力量。
We will continue to apply and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy, and fully implement the Party’s policies on ethnic affairs. We will forge a strong sense of community among the Chinese people and encourage all China’s ethnic groups to work in concert for common prosperity and development.
We will fully implement the Party’s basic policy on religious affairs, uphold the principle that religions in China must be Chinese in orientation, and work to guide religions in adapting to socialist society. We will fully carry out the Party’s policies on overseas Chinese affairs, safeguard the lawful rights and interests of Chinese nationals residing abroad, returned overseas Chinese, and relatives of overseas Chinese nationals residing in China. By doing so, we will pool the tremendous strengths of all the sons and daughters of the Chinese nation to accomplish remarkable achievements.
過去一年，國防和軍隊建設取得新的重大成就，人民軍隊在維護國家安全和疫情防控中展示出過硬本領和優良作風。新的一年，要深入貫徹習近平強軍思想，貫徹新時代軍事戰略方針，堅持黨對人民軍隊的絕對領導，嚴格落實軍委主席負責制，聚焦建軍一百年奮斗目標，推進政治建軍、改革強軍、科技強軍、人才強軍、依法治軍，加快機械化信息化智能化融合發展。全面加強練兵備戰，統籌應對各方向各領域安全風險，提高捍衛國家主權、安全、發展利益的戰略能力。優化國防科技工業布局，完善國防動員體系，強化全民國防教育。各級政府要大力支持國防和軍隊建設，深入開展“雙擁”活動，譜寫魚水情深的時代華章。
Last year, major success was attained in the development of national defense and the armed forces. Our people’s forces, with complete competence and fine conduct, safeguarded China’s national security and participated in epidemic control.
This year, we will thoroughly implement Xi Jinping’s thinking on strengthening the armed forces and the military strategy for the new era, ensure the Party’s absolute leadership over the people’s armed forces, and strictly implement the system of ultimate responsibility resting with the chairman of the Central Military Commission.
We will, bearing in mind the goals set for the centenary of the People’s Liberation Army, continue to enhance the political loyalty of the armed forces, strengthen them through reform, science and technology and the training of capable personnel, and run them in accordance with the law. The integration of mechanized, informatized, and intelligent development of the military will be accelerated.
We will boost military training and preparedness across the board, make overall plans for responding to security risks in all areas and for all situations, and enhance the military’s strategic capacity to protect the sovereignty, security, and development interests of our country. We will improve the layout of defense-related science, technology, and industry, enhance the defense mobilization system, and strengthen public awareness about national defense.
We in government at all levels should vigorously support the development of national defense and the armed forces, and conduct extensive activities to promote mutual support between the civilians and the military, so as to forge an ever closer bond between the people and the military in the new era.
各位代表！
Fellow Deputies,
我們要繼續全面準確貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方針，完善特別行政區同憲法和基本法實施相關的制度和機制，落實特別行政區維護國家安全的法律制度和執行機制。堅決防范和遏制外部勢力干預港澳事務，支持港澳發展經濟、改善民生，保持香港、澳門長期繁榮穩定。
We will stay true to the letter and spirit of the principle of One Country, Two Systems, under which the people of Hong Kong administer Hong Kong and the people of Macao administer Macao, both with a high degree of autonomy. We will improve the relevant systems and mechanisms of the two special administrative regions for enforcing the Constitution and the basic laws; we will ensure the implementation of the laws and enforcement mechanisms for the two regions to safeguard national security. We will resolutely guard against and deter external forces’ interference in the affairs of Hong Kong and Macao. We will support both regions as they grow their economies and improve people’s lives, so as to maintain the long-term prosperity and stability of Hong Kong and Macao.
我們要堅持對臺工作大政方針，堅持一個中國原則和“九二共識”，推進兩岸關系和平發展和祖國統一。高度警惕和堅決遏制“臺獨”分裂活動。完善保障臺灣同胞福祉和在大陸享受同等待遇的制度和政策，促進海峽兩岸交流合作、融合發展，同心共創民族復興美好未來。
We remain committed to the major principles and policies on work related to Taiwan, to the one-China principle and the 1992 Consensus, and to promoting the peaceful growth of relations across the Taiwan Strait and China’s reunification. We will remain highly vigilant against and resolutely deter any separatist activity seeking “Taiwan Independence.”
We will improve the systems and policies for safeguarding the wellbeing of our Taiwan compatriots and ensuring they enjoy the same treatment on China’s mainland as local residents. We will promote exchanges, cooperation, and integrated development across the Taiwan Strait. Together, we can shape a bright future of rejuvenation for our great nation.
我們要堅持獨立自主的和平外交政策，積極發展全球伙伴關系，推動構建新型國際關系和人類命運共同體。堅持開放合作，推動全球治理體系朝著更加公正合理的方向發展。持續深化國際和地區合作，積極參與重大傳染病防控國際合作。中國愿同所有國家在相互尊重、平等互利基礎上和平共處、共同發展，攜手應對全球性挑戰，為促進世界和平與繁榮不懈努力！
China will continue to pursue an independent foreign policy of peace. We will actively work to develop global partnerships and promote the building of a new type of international relations and a human community with a shared future. We will continue to pursue the policy of opening up and cooperation and work to make the system of global governance fairer and more equitable. We will continue to deepen international and regional cooperation, and actively participate in international cooperation to prevent and control major infectious diseases.
China remains committed to pursuing peaceful coexistence and common development with all other countries in accordance with the principle of mutual respect, equality, and mutual benefit. China will join hands with them to meet global challenges and work tirelessly to promote world peace and prosperity.
各位代表！
Fellow Deputies,
重任在肩，更須砥礪奮進。讓我們更加緊密地團結在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央周圍，高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導，齊心協力，開拓進取，努力完成全年目標任務，以優異成績慶祝中國共產黨百年華誕，為把我國建設成為富強民主文明和諧美麗的社會主義現代化強國、實現中華民族偉大復興的中國夢不懈奮斗！
As we shoulder heavy responsibilities, we must forge ahead with even greater resolve.
Let us rally more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and push forward in a concerted effort to complete the objectives and tasks for this year and celebrate the centenary of the Communist Party of China with outstanding achievements.
Let each and every of us keep making tireless efforts to build China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious and beautiful, and fulfill the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation.
REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT
Delivered at the Fourth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on March 5, 2021
國務院總理 李克強
Li Keqiang
Premier of the State Council
圖片
各位代表：
Fellow Deputies,
現在，我代表國務院，向大會報告政府工作，請予審議，并請全國政協委員提出意見。
On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government and ask for your deliberation and approval. I also ask members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) for their comments.
一、2020年工作回顧
I. A review of Our Work in 2020
過去一年，在新中國歷史上極不平凡。面對突如其來的新冠肺炎疫情、世界經濟深度衰退等多重嚴重沖擊，在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導下，全國各族人民頑強拼搏，疫情防控取得重大戰略成果，在全球主要經濟體中唯一實現經濟正增長，脫貧攻堅戰取得全面勝利，決勝全面建成小康社會取得決定性成就，交出一份人民滿意、世界矚目、可以載入史冊的答卷。全年發展主要目標任務較好完成，我國改革開放和社會主義現代化建設又取得新的重大進展。
Last year was an extraordinary year in the history of the People’s Republic of China. Facing the severe combined impact of a sudden coronavirus epidemic and a deep global economic recession, we the Chinese people of all ethnic groups, under the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, responded with tremendous tenacity.
We achieved major strategic success in our response to Covid-19 and China was the world’s only major economy to achieve growth. We attained a complete victory in the fight against poverty, and we scored decisive achievements in securing a full victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.
Indeed, our achievements, which have won the approval of our people and global recognition, will be remembered in history.
Our development goals and tasks for the year were accomplished, and major headway has been made in China’s reform, opening up, and socialist modernization drive.
在艱辛的抗疫歷程中，黨中央始終堅持人民至上、生命至上，習近平總書記親自指揮、親自部署，各方面持續努力，不斷鞏固防控成果。我們針對疫情形勢變化，及時調整防控策略，健全常態化防控機制，有效處置局部地區聚集性疫情，最大限度保護了人民生命安全和身體健康，為恢復生產生活秩序創造必要條件。
Throughout this fierce battle against Covid-19, the CPC Central Committee put protecting the people and human life above everything else, with General Secretary Xi Jinping personally taking charge and making response decisions. Thanks to the tireless efforts of all of us, our gains in controlling Covid-19 were continuously consolidated.
In response to evolving epidemic dynamics, we made well-timed adjustments to our response approaches. We improved routine control mechanisms and effectively suppressed several local outbreaks of the epidemic. With these actions, we protected the health and safety of the people to the greatest extent possible, and created the conditions for returning to normal life and work.
一年來，我們貫徹黨中央決策部署，統籌推進疫情防控和經濟社會發展，主要做了以下工作。
Last year, we carried out the following work in implementing the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee, and to respond to Covid-19 and advance economic and social development:
一是圍繞市場主體的急需制定和實施宏觀政策，穩住了經濟基本盤。面對歷史罕見的沖擊，我們在“六穩”工作基礎上，明確提出“六?！比蝿?，特別是保就業保民生保市場主體，以保促穩、穩中求進。立足國情實際，既及時果斷又保持定力，堅持不搞“大水漫灌”，科學把握規模性政策的平衡點。注重用改革和創新辦法，助企紓困和激發活力并舉，幫助受沖擊最直接且量大面廣的中小微企業和個體工商戶渡難關。實施階段性大規模減稅降費，與制度性安排相結合，全年為市場主體減負超過2.6萬億元，其中減免社保費1.7萬億元。創新宏觀政策實施方式，對新增2萬億元中央財政資金建立直達機制，省級財政加大資金下沉力度，共同為市縣基層落實惠企利民政策及時補充財力。支持銀行定向增加貸款并降低利率水平，對中小微企業貸款延期還本付息，大型商業銀行普惠小微企業貸款增長50%以上，金融系統向實體經濟讓利1.5萬億元。對大企業復工復產加強“點對點”服務。經過艱苦努力，我們率先實現復工復產，經濟恢復好于預期，全年國內生產總值增長2.3%，宏觀調控積累了新的經驗，以合理代價取得較大成效。
1. We formulated and implemented macro policies to meet the urgent needs of market entities and kept the fundamentals of the economy stable.
Facing shocks of a severity rarely seen before, based on what we had done to ensure stability on six key fronts, we carried out the task of maintaining security in six key areas—particularly job security, basic living needs, and the operations of market entities.* By maintaining security, we were able to deliver stability while also pursuing progress.
Based on China’s realities, we refrained from adopting a deluge of strong stimulus policies but took swift, decisive and well-considered steps, thus maintaining a desired balance between various macro policies.
Using approaches of reform and innovation, we eased the difficulties of our enterprises and energized them. And we helped micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and self-employed individuals, which are large in number, extensive in scope and took the most direct hit from Covid-19, weather what was a very tough time.
By making both time-limited large-scale tax and fee cuts and institutional arrangements, we reduced the burden on market entities by more than 2.6 trillion yuan for the year, including 1.7 trillion yuan in social insurance premium cuts and exemptions.
We adopted new approaches in implementing macro policies. The central government established a mechanism to directly allocate two trillion yuan of new funding to prefecture- and county-level governments, while provincial-level governments also increased their funding allocations to governments at these levels. With these two steps, we provided prefecture- and county-level governments with additional and timely fiscal resources to assist local businesses and residents.
Banks were given support to increase loans to businesses and lower interest rates in a targeted way. MSMEs were allowed to postpone principal and interest repayments on their loans, and inclusive finance lending by large commercial banks to micro and small businesses increased by more than 50 percent. The real economy thus received an infusion of 1.5 trillion yuan from financial institutions.
Point-to-point transportation services were provided to large enterprises to help them resume operations.
Thanks to all these arduous efforts, China was able to take the lead in reopening its economy. With gross domestic product (GDP) for the year growing by 2.3 percent, a better-than-expected recovery was achieved. We thus not only gained fresh experience in macro regulation, but also delivered the best possible outcome at an acceptable cost.
(* The six fronts refer to employment, the financial sector, foreign trade, foreign investment, domestic investment, and expectations. The six areas refer to job security, basic living needs, operations of market entities, food and energy security, stable industrial and supply chains, and the normal functioning of primary-level governments.)
二是優先穩就業保民生，人民生活得到切實保障。就業是最大的民生，保市場主體也是為穩就業保民生。各地加大穩崗擴崗激勵力度，企業和員工共同克服困難。多渠道做好重點群體就業工作，支持大眾創業萬眾創新帶動就業。新增市場主體恢復快速增長，創造了大量就業崗位。城鎮新增就業1186萬人，年末全國城鎮調查失業率降到5.2%。作為最大發展中國家，在巨大沖擊下能夠保持就業大局穩定，尤為難能可貴。加強生活必需品保供穩價，居民消費價格上漲2.5%。線上辦公、網絡購物、無接觸配送等廣泛開展。大幅度擴大失業保險保障范圍。對因疫情遇困群眾及時給予救助，新納入低保、特困供養近600萬人，實施臨時救助超過800萬人次。抵御嚴重洪澇、臺風等自然災害，全力應急搶險救援，妥善安置受災群眾，保障了人民群眾生命財產安全和基本生活。
2. We gave top priority to stabilizing employment and ensuring living standards and effectively safeguarded people’s wellbeing.
Employment is pivotal to people’s wellbeing. Our efforts to keep market entities afloat are aimed at maintaining stable employment and meeting basic living needs. Local governments across the country provided more incentives to stabilize and expand employment, thus enabling businesses and their employees to work hand-in-hand to overcome their difficulties.
Multiple channels were tapped to ensure employment for key groups, and startups and innovation were encouraged as a way to create jobs. The number of new market entities began growing rapidly again, leading to the creation of a large number of new jobs. A total of 11.86 million urban jobs were added, and the year-end surveyed urban unemployment rate dropped to 5.2 percent.
It is truly remarkable that China, the largest developing country in the world, has kept overall employment stable in the face of such an enormous shock.
The supply and price stability of daily necessities was ensured; the consumer price index (CPI) posted a 2.5 percent growth. Practices like working from home, online shopping, and contactless delivery were widely adopted.
We expanded the coverage of unemployment insurance schemes, and extended timely assistance to those who were hit particularly hard by Covid-19. Close to six million additional people received subsistence allowances or extreme poverty aid, and more than eight million temporary assistance grants were disbursed.
We fought against severe floods, typhoons, and other natural disasters and spared no effort to provide rescue and relief to disaster victims and make appropriate arrangements for them, thus protecting people’s lives and property and ensuring their basic living needs.
三是堅決打好三大攻堅戰，主要目標任務如期完成。較大幅度增加財政扶貧資金投入。對工作難度大的貧困縣和貧困村掛牌督戰，精準落實各項幫扶措施。優先支持貧困勞動力穩崗就業，幫助返鄉貧困勞動力再就業，努力穩住務工收入。加大產業扶貧力度，深入開展消費扶貧。加強易返貧致貧人口監測和幫扶。年初剩余的551萬農村貧困人口全部脫貧、52個貧困縣全部摘帽。繼續打好藍天、碧水、凈土保衛戰，完成污染防治攻堅戰階段性目標任務。長江、黃河、海岸帶等重要生態系統保護和修復重大工程深入實施，生態建設得到加強。穩妥化解地方政府債務風險，及時處置一批重大金融風險隱患。
3. We made decisive progress in the three critical battles against poverty, pollution and potential risk, achieving major targets and tasks as planned.
We increased funding for poverty alleviation by a considerable sum. Counties and villages facing difficulty in poverty eradication were placed under special supervision to see they fully implemented all assistance and support policies. We assisted on a priority basis poor workers in securing jobs and poor rural migrant workers who had returned home in finding new jobs, thus keeping rural residents’ incomes from nonagricultural work stable. We worked harder to reduce poverty through the development of local industries and promote consumer spending on products from poor areas. We strengthened monitoring for groups who are liable to return to, or fall into, poverty, and provided them with assistance.
All remaining poor rural residents, totaling 5.51 million in early 2020, were lifted from poverty, as were all of China’s remaining 52 poor counties.
We continued working to keep our skies blue, our waters clear, and our lands pollution-free, and accomplished the objectives for pollution prevention and control for the current stage. We carried out major projects for protecting and restoring key ecosystems in the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins and along coastlines, and stepped up our ecological conservation endeavors.
We took prudent steps to defuse local government debt risks and acted swiftly to defuse a number of major financial risks and potential dangers.
四是堅定不移推進改革開放，發展活力和內生動力進一步增強。完善要素市場化配置體制機制。加強產權保護。深入推進“放管服”改革，實施優化營商環境條例。出臺國企改革三年行動方案。支持民營企業發展。完善資本市場基礎制度。扎實推進農業農村、社會事業等領域改革。共建“一帶一路”穩步推進。海南自由貿易港建設等重大舉措陸續推出。成功舉辦第三屆中國國際進口博覽會、中國國際服務貿易交易會。推動區域全面經濟伙伴關系協定簽署。完成中歐投資協定談判。維護產業鏈供應鏈穩定，對外貿易和利用外資保持增長。
4. We continued to advance reform and opening up and further boosted the vitality and momentum of development.
We improved the systems and mechanisms for the market allocation of production factors and strengthened the protection of property rights. We furthered reforms to streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services; and the Regulations on Improving the Business Environment were implemented. We adopted a three-year action plan for SOE reform and supported the development of private businesses. The underlying systems of the capital market were improved. We made solid strides in reforms related to agriculture, rural development, and social programs.
Steady progress was achieved in the joint pursuit of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Major measures to develop the Hainan Free Trade Port and other major initiatives were launched. The third China International Import Expo and the China International Fair for Trade in Services were hosted successfully. China played an important role in the signing of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement, and it concluded negotiations on an investment agreement with the European Union.
China’s industrial chains and supply chains were kept stable. And its foreign trade and utilized foreign investment posted steady growth.
五是大力促進科技創新，產業轉型升級步伐加快。建設國際科技創新中心和綜合性國家科學中心，成功組建首批國家實驗室?！疤靻栆惶枴?、“嫦娥五號”、“奮斗者”號等突破性成果不斷涌現。加強關鍵核心技術攻關。加大知識產權保護力度。支持科技成果轉化應用，促進大中小企業融通創新，推廣全面創新改革試驗相關舉措。推動產業數字化智能化改造，戰略性新興產業保持快速發展勢頭。
5. We vigorously promoted innovation in science and technology and accelerated industrial transformation and upgrading.
We developed China’s international centers for science and technology innovation and comprehensive national science centers, and set up the country’s first group of national laboratories. Last year saw a stream of scientific and technological breakthroughs, like the Tianwen-1 Mars mission, the Chang’e-5 lunar mission, and the Fendouzhe (Striver) deep-sea manned submersible.
We intensified efforts to make major breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields. Intellectual property protection was strengthened. We supported the application of scientific and technological advances, encouraged collaborative innovation among small, medium, and large enterprises, and promoted pilot reforms on all-around innovation. More was done to upgrade the industrial sector with digital and smart technologies; and strategic emerging industries maintained rapid development.
六是推進新型城鎮化和鄉村振興，城鄉區域發展格局不斷優化。加大城鎮老舊小區改造力度，因城施策促進房地產市場平穩健康發展。糧食實現增產，生豬產能加快恢復，鄉村建設穩步展開，農村人居環境整治成效明顯。推進煤電油氣產供儲銷體系建設，提升能源安全保障能力。健全區域協調發展體制機制，在實施重大區域發展戰略方面出臺一批新舉措。
6. We advanced new urbanization and rural revitalization and improved the layout of urban-rural development and development among regions.
Efforts were intensified to rebuild old urban residential areas. By adopting city-specific policies, we promoted the stable and healthy development of the housing market.
Grain output continued to increase, and hog production rebounded at a faster rate. We took solid steps in advancing rural development, and markedly improved rural living environments.
We continued to build up the production, supply, storage, and marketing systems for coal, petroleum, natural gas, and electricity, and enhanced our capacity to ensure energy security. We improved mechanisms for promoting coordinated development between regions, and introduced a range of new measures to implement major strategies for regional development.
七是加強依法行政和社會建設，社會保持和諧穩定。提請全國人大常委會審議法律議案9件，制定修訂行政法規37部。認真辦理人大代表建議和政協委員提案。廣泛開展線上教學，秋季學期實現全面復學，1000多萬高中畢業生順利完成高考。全面深化教育領域綜合改革。實現高職院校擴招100萬人目標。加大公共衛生體系建設力度。提升大規模核酸檢測能力，新冠肺炎患者治療費用全部由國家承擔。提高退休人員基本養老金，上調城鄉居民基礎養老金最低標準，保障養老金按時足額發放，實現企業養老保險基金省級統收統支。加強公共文化服務。完善城鄉基層治理。扎實做好信訪工作。發揮審計監督作用。開展國務院大督查。做好第七次全國人口普查、國家脫貧攻堅普查。加強生產安全事故防范和處置。嚴格食品藥品疫苗監管。強化社會治安綜合治理，持續推進掃黑除惡專項斗爭，平安中國建設取得新成效。
7. We stepped up law-based administration, promoted social advancement, and safeguarded social harmony and stability.
We submitted nine legislative proposals to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress for deliberation, and formulated or revised 37 sets of administrative regulations. We worked with keen attention to handle the suggestions and proposals of NPC deputies and CPPCC National Committee members.
Online school teaching was introduced nationwide, and students returned to school for the autumn semester. Over 10 million high school graduates successfully completed the college entrance examination. We pushed ahead with the comprehensive reform of education, and we achieved the goal of increasing student enrollments in vocational colleges by one million.
Efforts were redoubled to strengthen the public health system. We scaled up the capacity for conducting large-scale nucleic acid testing, and all the medical bills for treating Covid-19 patients were covered by the government. Basic pension payments for retirees and minimum basic pension benefits for rural and urban non-working residents were both raised. Pension benefits were paid on time and in full, and provincial-level collection and payout of enterprise workers’ old-age insurance funds was realized.
Better public cultural services were provided. Primary-level governance in urban and rural areas was enhanced. Solid steps were taken to address public complaints. Audit-based oversight was vigorously conducted, and State Council accountability inspections were carried out.
We conducted the seventh population census and the poverty reduction survey. We intensified efforts to prevent and handle workplace accidents. Supervision of food, drugs, and vaccines was tightened up. We took a full range of measures to maintain law and order, and continued to combat organized crime and root out local criminal gangs, thus making further headway in pursuing the Peaceful China initiative.
貫徹落實黨中央全面從嚴治黨戰略部署，加強黨風廉政建設和反腐敗斗爭。鞏固深化“不忘初心、牢記使命”主題教育成果。嚴格落實中央八項規定精神，持續為基層減負。
We implemented the Party Central Committee’s strategic plan for exercising full and strict Party self-governance, and did more to improve Party conduct, build a clean government, and fight corruption. We consolidated the gains from the initiative to raise awareness of the need to stay true to the Party’s founding mission. We strictly complied with the central Party leadership’s eight-point decision on improving work conduct, and we made sustained efforts to ease the burdens of those working on the ground.
中國特色大國外交卓有成效。習近平主席等黨和國家領導人通過視頻方式主持中非團結抗疫特別峰會，出席聯合國成立75周年系列高級別會議、世界衛生大會、二十國集團領導人峰會、亞太經合組織領導人非正式會議、中國－歐盟領導人會晤、東亞合作領導人系列會議等重大活動。堅持多邊主義，推動構建人類命運共同體。支持國際抗疫合作，倡導建設人類衛生健康共同體。中國為促進世界和平與發展作出了重要貢獻。
We were successful in pursuing China’s major country diplomacy. President Xi Jinping and other Party and state leaders hosted or attended, via video link, major diplomatic events, including the Extraordinary China-Africa Summit on Solidarity against Covid-19, high-level meetings commemorating the 75th anniversary of the United Nations, the 73rd World Health Assembly, the G20 Leaders’ Summit in Riyadh, the APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting, the 22nd China-EU Leaders’ Meeting, and the East Asia leaders’ meetings on cooperation.
We upheld multilateralism and endeavored to build a human community with a shared future. We supported global cooperation on combating Covid-19 and called for building a global health community. China thus made important contributions to advancing global peace and development.
一年來的工作殊為不易。各地區各部門顧全大局、盡責擔當，上億市場主體在應對沖擊中展現出堅強韌性，廣大人民群眾勤勞付出、共克時艱，詮釋了百折不撓的民族精神，彰顯了人民是真正的英雄，這是我們戰勝一切困難挑戰的力量源泉。
Our work last year was truly challenging. Yet, local authorities and government departments across the country kept in mind the big picture and shouldered their responsibilities. Market entities, over one hundred million in number, responded to shocks with fortitude and resilience. Our people worked hard and fought adversity in close solidarity and with the unyielding spirit of the Chinese nation, thus proving themselves true heroes. This is the well of strength that enables us to rise to every challenge and overcome every difficulty.
各位代表！
Fellow Deputies,
過去一年取得的成績，是以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導的結果，是習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想科學指引的結果，是全黨全軍全國各族人民團結奮斗的結果。我代表國務院，向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和各界人士，表示誠摯感謝！向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞、臺灣同胞和海外僑胞，表示誠摯感謝！向關心和支持中國現代化建設的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友，表示誠摯感謝！
We owe our achievements last year to the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, to the sound guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and to the concerted efforts of the Party, the armed forces, and the Chinese people of all ethnic groups. On behalf of the State Council, I wish to express sincere gratitude to all our people, and to all other political parties, people’s organizations, and public figures from all sectors of society. I express sincere appreciation to our fellow countrymen and women in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, in Taiwan, and overseas. I also wish to express heartfelt thanks to the governments of other countries, international organizations, and friends across the world who have shown understanding and support for us in China as we pursue modernization.
在肯定成績的同時，我們也清醒看到面臨的困難和挑戰。新冠肺炎疫情仍在全球蔓延，國際形勢中不穩定不確定因素增多，世界經濟形勢復雜嚴峻。國內疫情防控仍有薄弱環節，經濟恢復基礎尚不牢固，居民消費仍受制約，投資增長后勁不足，中小微企業和個體工商戶困難較多，穩就業壓力較大。關鍵領域創新能力不強。一些地方財政收支矛盾突出，防范化解金融等領域風險任務依然艱巨。生態環保任重道遠。民生領域還有不少短板。政府工作存在不足，形式主義、官僚主義不同程度存在，少數干部不擔當不作為不善為。一些領域腐敗問題仍有發生。我們一定要直面問題和挑戰，盡心竭力改進工作，決不辜負人民期待！
While recognizing our achievements, we are also keenly aware of the difficulties and challenges before us.
As the coronavirus continues to spread around the world, instability and uncertainty are mounting on the international landscape, and the global economy continues to face grave challenges. Domestically, there are still weak links in our work to control Covid-19. The foundation for achieving our country’s economic recovery needs to be further consolidated, impediments to consumer spending remain, and investment growth lacks sustainability. Our MSMEs and self-employed individuals are still finding the going tough, and the pressure in maintaining stable employment is mounting. Our innovation capacity in key areas needs to be improved. Some local governments have serious budgetary deficits. In forestalling and defusing risks in the financial sector and other areas, we face formidable tasks. We still have a long way to go in protecting the environment. And many weaknesses in areas that are important to people’s basic needs wait to be addressed.
There is also room for improvement in the work of the government. Both pointless formalities and bureaucratism persist to varying degrees. A small number of officials fail to fulfill their responsibilities and are unwilling or unable to carry out their duties. Instances of corruption still occur in some sectors.
We will face these problems and challenges squarely, make every effort to make improvements, and do all we can to live up to our people’s expectations.
二、“十三五”時期發展成就和“十四五”時期主要目標任務
II. Achievements in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period and Major Targets and Tasks for the 14th Five-Year Plan Period
過去五年，我國經濟社會發展取得新的歷史性成就。經濟運行總體平穩，經濟結構持續優化，國內生產總值從不到70萬億元增加到超過100萬億元。創新型國家建設成果豐碩，在載人航天、探月工程、深海工程、超級計算、量子信息等領域取得一批重大科技成果。脫貧攻堅成果舉世矚目，5575萬農村貧困人口實現脫貧，960多萬建檔立卡貧困人口通過易地扶貧搬遷擺脫了“一方水土難養一方人”的困境，區域性整體貧困得到解決，完成了消除絕對貧困的艱巨任務。農業現代化穩步推進，糧食生產連年豐收。1億農業轉移人口和其他常住人口在城鎮落戶目標順利實現，城鎮棚戶區住房改造超過2100萬套。區域重大戰略扎實推進。污染防治力度加大，資源能源利用效率顯著提升，生態環境明顯改善。金融風險處置取得重要階段性成果。全面深化改革取得重大突破，供給側結構性改革持續推進，“放管服”改革不斷深入，營商環境持續改善。對外開放持續擴大，共建“一帶一路”成果豐碩。人民生活水平顯著提高，城鎮新增就業超過6000萬人，建成世界上規模最大的社會保障體系。全面建立實施困難殘疾人生活補貼和重度殘疾人護理補貼制度。教育、衛生、文化等領域發展取得新成就，教育公平和質量較大提升，醫療衛生事業加快發展，文化事業和文化產業繁榮發展。國防和軍隊建設水平大幅提升。國家安全全面加強，社會保持和諧穩定。經過五年持續奮斗，“十三五”規劃主要目標任務勝利完成，中華民族偉大復興向前邁出了新的一大步。
Over the past five years, China has scored historic new achievements in economic and social development.
The economy performed stably overall, and its structure was continuously improved. GDP increased from less than 70 trillion yuan to over 100 trillion yuan. Much was accomplished toward making China a country of innovators, with major advances in manned spaceflight, lunar exploration, deep-sea engineering, supercomputing, quantum information, and other areas.
China’s success in poverty alleviation has been recognized by the international community. Its entire rural poor population, 55.75 million in number, was lifted out of poverty, including more than 9.6 million registered poor people who were relocated from inhospitable areas; and regional poverty was successfully eradicated. The daunting task we set ourselves to eliminate absolute poverty has thus been successfully accomplished.
Agricultural modernization was steadily advanced, and good harvests were recorded for five years running. The goal of granting urban residency to 100 million people from rural areas and other permanent residents without local household registration was met. More than 21 million housing units in run-down urban areas were rebuilt.
Solid steps were taken to implement major regional development strategies. Pollution prevention and control efforts were intensified, resources and energy were used more efficiently, and there was a notable improvement in the environment.
Important progress was made in addressing financial risks in this period. Major breakthroughs were achieved in deepening reform across the board. Supply-side structural reform was steadily advanced, as were reforms to streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services. Thanks to these efforts, the business environment kept improving.
China continued to open its door wider to the world; the joint pursuit of the Belt and Road Initiative yielded solid outcomes.
The living standards of our people rose significantly. Over 60 million urban jobs were added, and the world’s largest social security system was established. The system for granting living allowances to people with disabilities in financial difficulty and nursing care subsidies to people with serious disabilities was set up and implemented across the country.
New achievements were made in education, healthcare, culture and other sectors. Education became much more equitable, and its quality was markedly improved. The healthcare sector registered accelerated development. The cultural sector flourished. Notable advances were made in the development of national defense and the armed forces. China’s national security was enhanced on all fronts, and social harmony and stability were maintained across the country.
Thanks to our hard work in these five years, we accomplished the major goals and tasks of the 13th Five-Year Plan, and made a giant stride toward the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
“十四五”時期是開啟全面建設社會主義現代化國家新征程的第一個五年。我國發展仍然處于重要戰略機遇期，但機遇和挑戰都有新的發展變化。要準確把握新發展階段，深入貫徹新發展理念，加快構建新發展格局，推動高質量發展，為全面建設社會主義現代化國家開好局起好步。
The period covered by the 14th Five-Year Plan will be the first five years in which we embark on a new journey to build China into a modern socialist country in all respects. China remains in an important period of strategic opportunity for development. Yet, there are changes in both the opportunities and challenges we face. We should have an accurate understanding of this new stage of development, fully apply the new development philosophy, and accelerate our efforts to create a new development pattern to promote high-quality development. By doing so, we will set the stage for building a modern socialist country in all respects.
根據《中共中央關于制定國民經濟和社會發展第十四個五年規劃和二〇三五年遠景目標的建議》，國務院編制了《國民經濟和社會發展第十四個五年規劃和2035年遠景目標綱要（草案）》。《綱要草案》堅持以習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導，實化量化“十四五”時期經濟社會發展主要目標和重大任務，全文提交大會審查，這里概述幾個方面。
The State Council, acting in accordance with the Recommendations of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for Formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development and Long-Range Objectives through the Year 2035, has drawn up the draft Outline for the 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development and Long-Range Objectives through the Year 2035.
The draft Outline, which was formulated under the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, sets major quantified objectives and tasks for economic and social development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. The full draft has been submitted to this session for your deliberation and approval.
The highlights of the draft Outline are as follows:
——著力提升發展質量效益，保持經濟持續健康發展。發展是解決我國一切問題的基礎和關鍵。必須堅持新發展理念，把新發展理念完整、準確、全面貫穿發展全過程和各領域，引導各方面把工作重點放在提高發展質量和效益上，促進增長潛力充分發揮。經濟運行保持在合理區間，各年度視情提出經濟增長預期目標，全員勞動生產率增長高于國內生產總值增長，城鎮調查失業率控制在5.5%以內，物價水平保持總體平穩，實現更高質量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持續、更為安全的發展。
—Improving the quality and effectiveness of development and maintaining sustained and healthy economic growth
Development is the foundation, and it holds the key, for addressing all the issues our country faces. We must stay true to the new development philosophy, and ensure it is applied in full, in both letter and spirit, in every stage and aspect of development. We should encourage people working in all sectors to give high priority to improving the quality and effectiveness of development to fully tap China’s growth potential. We will keep major economic indicators within an appropriate range, set annual targets for economic growth in light of actual conditions, ensure that overall labor productivity grows faster than GDP, keep the surveyed urban unemployment rate within 5.5 percent, and keep prices generally stable. Doing so will enable us to achieve higher-quality development that is more efficient, equitable, sustainable, and secure.
——堅持創新驅動發展，加快發展現代產業體系。堅持創新在我國現代化建設全局中的核心地位，把科技自立自強作為國家發展的戰略支撐。完善國家創新體系，加快構建以國家實驗室為引領的戰略科技力量，打好關鍵核心技術攻堅戰，制定實施基礎研究十年行動方案，提升企業技術創新能力，激發人才創新活力，完善科技創新體制機制，全社會研發經費投入年均增長7%以上、力爭投入強度高于“十三五”時期實際。廣泛開展科學普及活動。堅持把發展經濟著力點放在實體經濟上，推進產業基礎高級化、產業鏈現代化，保持制造業比重基本穩定，改造提升傳統產業，發展壯大戰略性新興產業，促進服務業繁榮發展。統籌推進傳統基礎設施和新型基礎設施建設。加快數字化發展，打造數字經濟新優勢，協同推進數字產業化和產業數字化轉型，加快數字社會建設步伐，提高數字政府建設水平，營造良好數字生態，建設數字中國。
—Pursuing innovation-driven development and accelerating modernization of the industrial system
Innovation remains at the heart of China’s modernization drive. We will strengthen our science and technology to provide strategic support for China’s development. To improve China’s innovation system, we will work faster to enhance our strategic scientific and technological capability underpinned by the development of national laboratories, strive to make major breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields, and formulate and implement a ten-year action plan for basic research. We will enhance the capacity of enterprises to make technological innovation, unlock the creativity of talent, and improve the systems and mechanisms for making scientific and technological innovation. China’s R&D spending will increase by more than seven percent per year, which is expected to account for a higher percentage of GDP than that during the 13th Five-Year Plan period. Extensive activities will be conducted to help people learn more about science.
In pursuing economic growth, we will continue to prioritize the development of the real economy, upgrade the industrial base, modernize industrial chains, and keep the share of manufacturing in the economy basically stable. We will transform and upgrade traditional industries, strengthen strategic emerging industries, and promote the vigorous development of the service sector. Coordinated development of traditional and new forms of infrastructure will be promoted.
Digitalization will be sped up to create new strengths for the digital economy. We will both develop digital industry and transform traditional industries with digital technologies. We will work faster to develop a digital society, digital government, and healthy digital ecosystem as we pursue the Digital China initiative.
——形成強大國內市場，構建新發展格局。把實施擴大內需戰略同深化供給側結構性改革有機結合起來，以創新驅動、高質量供給引領和創造新需求。破除制約要素合理流動的堵點，貫通生產、分配、流通、消費各環節，形成國民經濟良性循環。立足國內大循環，協同推進強大國內市場和貿易強國建設，依托國內經濟循環體系形成對全球要素資源的強大引力場，促進國內國際雙循環。建立擴大內需的有效制度，全面促進消費，拓展投資空間，加快培育完整內需體系。
—Creating a robust domestic market and fostering a new development pattern
We will pursue the strategy of expanding domestic demand and intensify supply-side structural reform, and generate new demand with innovation-driven development and high-quality supply. We will remove impediments to the rational flow of production factors along all links of production, allocation, distribution, and consumption to facilitate favorable circulation in our economy.
We will give priority to domestic circulation, and work to build a strong domestic market and turn China into a trader of quality. We will leverage the flows of the domestic economy to make China a major magnet for global production factors and resources, thereby promoting positive interplay between domestic circulation and international circulation.
We will put in place frameworks to effectively expand domestic demand, boost consumer spending across the board, and unlock the potential for investment, thus accelerating the establishment of a complete system of domestic demand.
——全面推進鄉村振興，完善新型城鎮化戰略。堅持農業農村優先發展，嚴守18億畝耕地紅線，實施高標準農田建設工程、黑土地保護工程，確保種源安全，實施鄉村建設行動，健全城鄉融合發展體制機制。建立健全鞏固拓展脫貧攻堅成果長效機制，提升脫貧地區整體發展水平。深入推進以人為核心的新型城鎮化戰略，加快農業轉移人口市民化，常住人口城鎮化率提高到65%，發展壯大城市群和都市圈，推進以縣城為重要載體的城鎮化建設，實施城市更新行動，完善住房市場體系和住房保障體系，提升城鎮化發展質量。
—Advancing rural revitalization across the board and improving the new urbanization strategy
The development of agriculture and rural areas remains at the top of our work agenda. The total area of China’s farmland must stay above the red line of 120 million hectares. We will carry out projects to develop high-quality farmland and conserve chernozem soils, and ensure the security of our germplasm resources. We will carry out rural development initiatives, and improve systems and mechanisms for promoting integrated urban-rural development. We will set up a robust long-term mechanism for consolidating and expanding the achievements of the battle against poverty, and raise the overall performance of development in areas that have cast off poverty.
The strategy of new, people-centered urbanization will continue to be pursued. We will move faster to grant permanent urban residency to people who move to cities from rural areas, and raise the percentage of permanent urban residents to 65 percent of the population. We will expand city clusters and metropolitan areas, promote urbanization with a focus on county towns, implement an action plan for urban renewal, and improve the housing market and housing support system. These moves will enable us to achieve higher quality urbanization.
——優化區域經濟布局，促進區域協調發展。深入實施區域重大戰略、區域協調發展戰略、主體功能區戰略，構建高質量發展的區域經濟布局和國土空間支撐體系。扎實推動京津冀協同發展、長江經濟帶發展、粵港澳大灣區建設、長三角一體化發展、黃河流域生態保護和高質量發展，高標準、高質量建設雄安新區。推動西部大開發形成新格局，推動東北振興取得新突破，促進中部地區加快崛起，鼓勵東部地區加快推進現代化。推進成渝地區雙城經濟圈建設。支持革命老區、民族地區加快發展，加強邊疆地區建設。積極拓展海洋經濟發展空間。
—Improving regional economic structures and promoting coordinated regional development
We will continue to implement the major regional development strategies as well as the strategies for coordinated regional development and functional zoning, so as to create regional economic structures and a territorial space system that will sustain high-quality development.
We will take solid steps to promote the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, integrated development in the Yangtze River Delta, and ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin. We will build Xiongan New Area to a high standard.
We will usher in a new stage in large-scale development in the western region, promote breakthroughs in the revitalization of northeast China, accelerate the rise of the central region, and encourage the eastern region to accelerate modernization. We will promote the development of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone. We will support old revolutionary base areas and ethnic minority areas in speeding up development, and strengthen the development of border areas.
We will work to unlock the development potential of the maritime economy.
——全面深化改革開放，持續增強發展動力和活力。構建高水平社會主義市場經濟體制，激發各類市場主體活力，加快國有經濟布局優化和結構調整，優化民營經濟發展環境。建設高標準市場體系，全面完善產權制度，推進要素市場化配置改革，強化競爭政策基礎地位，完善競爭政策框架。建立現代財稅金融體制，提升政府經濟治理能力。深化“放管服”改革，構建一流營商環境。建設更高水平開放型經濟新體制，推動共建“一帶一路”高質量發展，構建面向全球的高標準自由貿易區網絡。
—Advancing reform and opening up across the board and bolstering the momentum and vitality of development
To develop a high-standard socialist market economy, we will energize all market entities, improve the layout and structure of the state-owned sector at a faster pace, and create a better development environment for private businesses. We will build a high-standard market system, effect an all-round improvement in the property rights system, carry out reforms to promote the market-based allocation of production factors, reinforce the foundational role of competition policies, and refine the competition policy framework.
We will modernize fiscal, taxation, and financial systems, and improve government capacity to conduct economic governance. We will deepen reforms to streamline administration and delegate powers, improve regulation, and upgrade services to foster a world-class business environment.
We will develop new systems for a higher-standard open economy, promote the high-quality development of the BRI, and build a globally oriented network of high-standard free trade zones.
——推動綠色發展，促進人與自然和諧共生。堅持綠水青山就是金山銀山理念，加強山水林田湖草系統治理，加快推進重要生態屏障建設，構建以國家公園為主體的自然保護地體系，森林覆蓋率達到24.1%。持續改善環境質量，基本消除重污染天氣和城市黑臭水體。落實2030年應對氣候變化國家自主貢獻目標。加快發展方式綠色轉型，協同推進經濟高質量發展和生態環境高水平保護，單位國內生產總值能耗和二氧化碳排放分別降低13.5%、18%。
—Promoting green development and ensuring harmony between humanity and nature
We will stay true to the principle that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets and strengthen the conservation of mountain, river, forest, farmland, lake, and grassland ecosystems. We will move faster to build major ecological shields, develop a national park-based nature reserve system, and expand forest coverage to 24.1 percent of China’s total land area.
We will continue to improve the quality of the environment, and generally eliminate heavy air pollution and black, malodorous water bodies in cities. We will ensure that China meets the targets for its intended nationally determined contributions in response to climate change by 2030. We will expedite the transition of China’s growth model to one of green development, and promote both high-quality economic growth and high-standard environmental protection. Energy consumption per unit of GDP and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will be reduced by 13.5 percent and 18 percent, respectively.
——持續增進民生福祉，扎實推動共同富裕。堅持盡力而為、量力而行，加強普惠性、基礎性、兜底性民生建設，制定促進共同富裕行動綱要，讓發展成果更多更公平惠及全體人民。實施就業優先戰略，擴大就業容量。著力提高低收入群體收入，擴大中等收入群體，居民人均可支配收入增長與國內生產總值增長基本同步。建設高質量教育體系，建設高素質專業化教師隊伍，深化教育改革，實施教育提質擴容工程，勞動年齡人口平均受教育年限提高到11.3年。全面推進健康中國建設，構建強大公共衛生體系，完善城鄉醫療服務網絡，廣泛開展全民健身運動，人均預期壽命再提高1歲。實施積極應對人口老齡化國家戰略，以“一老一小”為重點完善人口服務體系，優化生育政策，推動實現適度生育水平，發展普惠托育和基本養老服務體系，逐步延遲法定退休年齡。健全多層次社會保障體系，基本養老保險參保率提高到95%，優化社會救助和慈善制度。發展社會主義先進文化，提高社會文明程度，弘揚誠信文化，建設誠信社會，提升公共文化服務水平，健全現代文化產業體系。
—Improving people’s wellbeing and striving for common prosperity
We will do everything within our capacity to improve the wellbeing of our people, and ensure that public services are inclusive, meet essential needs, and ensure basic living standards for people in difficulty. An action plan will be adopted to promote common prosperity to see that our people share more fully and fairly in the gains of development.
We will implement the employment-first strategy and increase employment opportunities. We will work to raise the income of the low-income group and expand the size of the middle-income group. Per capita disposable income will generally grow in step with GDP growth.
We will build a high-quality education system and foster a contingent of top-performing teachers with strong professional expertise by deepening educational reforms. We will carry out an initiative to raise the quality of education and expand its capacity. We expect that the average number of years of schooling among the working-age population will rise to 11.3.
We will make all-round efforts to build a Healthy China. We will develop a strong public health system, refine medical service networks in both urban and rural areas, carry out extensive public fitness activities, and raise the average life expectancy by one year. We will implement the national strategy for addressing population aging, and improve the population services system with a focus on elderly care and child care. We will refine the childbirth policy, work to achieve an appropriate birth rate, and develop the systems for public-interest child care andbasic elderly care services. The statutory retirement age will be raised in a phased manner. The multi-tiered social security system will be improved, with coverage of basic old-age insurance reaching 95 percent of the population. Social assistance and charity systems will also be improved.
We will develop advanced socialist culture, raise standards of public civility, promote integrity and trustworthiness throughout society, improve public cultural services, and improve modern systems for cultural industries.
——統籌發展和安全，建設更高水平的平安中國。堅持總體國家安全觀，加強國家安全體系和能力建設。強化國家經濟安全保障，實施糧食、能源資源、金融安全戰略，糧食綜合生產能力保持在1.3萬億斤以上，提高能源綜合生產能力。全面提高公共安全保障能力，維護社會穩定和安全。
—Ensuring both development and security and ushering in a new stage in building a Peaceful China
We will pursue a holistic approach to national security and strengthen our national security system and capacity. To ensure national economic security, we will carry out strategies for safeguarding food, energy and resource, and financial security. We will keep overall grain output above 650 million metric tons, and enhance our overall energy production capacity. We will increase our public security capacity across the board to maintain social stability and public safety.
展望未來，我們有信心有能力戰勝前進道路上的艱難險阻，完成“十四五”規劃目標任務，奮力譜寫中國特色社會主義事業新篇章！
Looking to the future, we have the confidence and the ability to overcome all difficulties and obstacles on our road ahead and fulfill the goals and tasks in the 14th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development (2021-2025), thus opening a new page in the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
三、2021年重點工作
III. Major tasks for 2021
今年是我國現代化建設進程中具有特殊重要性的一年。做好政府工作，要在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導下，以習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導，全面貫徹黨的十九大和十九屆二中、三中、四中、五中全會精神，堅持穩中求進工作總基調，立足新發展階段，貫徹新發展理念，構建新發展格局，以推動高質量發展為主題，以深化供給側結構性改革為主線，以改革創新為根本動力，以滿足人民日益增長的美好生活需要為根本目的，堅持系統觀念，鞏固拓展疫情防控和經濟社會發展成果，更好統籌發展和安全，扎實做好“六穩”工作、全面落實“六?！比蝿眨茖W精準實施宏觀政策，努力保持經濟運行在合理區間，堅持擴大內需戰略，強化科技戰略支撐，擴大高水平對外開放，保持社會和諧穩定，確?！笆奈濉遍_好局起好步，以優異成績慶祝中國共產黨成立100周年。
The year 2021 is of particular importance to China as it pursues the modernization drive. To accomplish the government’s work for the year, we must, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, do the following:
follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era;
implement the guiding principles of the Party’s 19th National Congress and the second through fifth plenary sessions of the 19th Party Central Committee in full;
act on the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability;
ground our efforts in the new development stage, apply the new development philosophy, and create a new pattern of development;
pursue high-quality development as the general aim, advance supply-side structural reform as the main task, and harness reform and innovation as the key source of momentum in our endeavor to meet the fundamental goal of satisfying the people’s growing needs for a better life;
apply systems thinking;
consolidate and expand the achievements of the Covid-19 response and economic and social development;
ensure better coordination in pursuing development and upholding security;
ensure stability on six key fronts and maintain security in six key areas;
implement macro policies in a systemic and targeted way;
keep major economic indicators within an appropriate range;
continue to expand domestic demand;
strengthen science and technology to provide strategic support for development;
pursue higher-standard opening up;
maintain social harmony and stability.
These efforts will enable us to get off to a good start in the 14th Five-Year Plan period and commemorate the centenary of the CPC with outstanding achievements in development.
今年我國發展仍面臨不少風險挑戰，但經濟長期向好的基本面沒有改變。我們要堅定信心，攻堅克難，鞏固恢復性增長基礎，努力保持經濟社會持續健康發展。
In 2021, China will continue to face many development risks and challenges, but the economic fundamentals that will sustain long-term growth remain unchanged. We should stay confident, meet challenges head-on, and consolidate the foundation for economic recovery to ensure sustained and healthy economic and social development.
今年發展主要預期目標是：國內生產總值增長6%以上；城鎮新增就業1100萬人以上，城鎮調查失業率5.5%左右；居民消費價格漲幅3%左右；進出口量穩質升，國際收支基本平衡；居民收入穩步增長；生態環境質量進一步改善，單位國內生產總值能耗降低3%左右，主要污染物排放量繼續下降；糧食產量保持在1.3萬億斤以上。
The main projected targets for development this year are as follows:
GDP growth of over 6 percent
over 11 million new urban jobs
a surveyed urban unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent
CPI increase of around 3 percent
steady increases in both the volume and quality of imports and exports
a basic equilibrium in the balance of payments
steady growth in personal income
a further improvement in the environment
a drop of around 3 percent in energy consumption per unit of GDP
a continued reduction in the discharge of major pollutants
grain output of over 650 million metric tons
經濟增速是綜合性指標，今年預期目標設定為6%以上，考慮了經濟運行恢復情況，有利于引導各方面集中精力推進改革創新、推動高質量發展。經濟增速、就業、物價等預期目標，體現了保持經濟運行在合理區間的要求，與今后目標平穩銜接，有利于實現可持續健康發展。
As a general target, China’s growth rate has been set at over 6 percent for this year. In setting this target, we have taken into account the recovery of economic activity. A target of over 6 percent will enable all of us to devote full energy to promoting reform, innovation, and high-quality development. The projected targets for growth, employment, and CPI should keep the economy performing within the appropriate range. These targets are also well-aligned with the annual goals of subsequent years in the 14th Five-Year Plan period, and they will help sustain healthy economic growth.
做好今年工作，要更好統籌疫情防控和經濟社會發展。堅持常態化防控和局部應急處置有機結合，繼續毫不放松做好外防輸入、內防反彈工作，抓好重點區域和關鍵環節防控，補上短板漏洞，嚴防出現聚集性疫情和散發病例傳播擴散，有序推進疫苗研制和加快免費接種，提高科學精準防控能力和水平。
For the government to deliver this year, we need to carry out Covid-19 prevention and control and pursue economic and social development in a more coordinated way. We will maintain control measures on a continuing basis and be ready to address isolated emergencies. We will maintain constant vigilance in guarding against inbound cases and domestic resurgences, and ensure effective epidemic control in key areas and at key links.
We will effectively address all weaknesses in Covid-19 work, and take strict measures to prevent clusters of infection and transmission caused by isolated cases. The development of vaccines will be steadily advanced, free vaccine programs will be conducted at a faster pace, and efforts will be intensified to boost our capacity to control Covid-19 with targeted and science-based measures.
今年要重點做好以下幾方面工作。
This year, we will carry out the following tasks:
（一）保持宏觀政策連續性穩定性可持續性，促進經濟運行在合理區間。在區間調控基礎上加強定向調控、相機調控、精準調控。宏觀政策要繼續為市場主體紓困，保持必要支持力度，不急轉彎，根據形勢變化適時調整完善，進一步鞏固經濟基本盤。
1. Ensuring the continuity, consistency, and sustainability of macro policies to keep major economic indicators within an appropriate range
On the basis of range-based regulation, we will enhance targeted, well-timed, and precision regulation. We will continue to ensure macro policies alleviate the difficulties of market entities and maintain necessary policy support for achieving this goal. We will avoid sharp turns in policy; instead, we should make adjustments and improvements based on new developments to reinforce the fundamentals of the economy.
積極的財政政策要提質增效、更可持續?？紤]到疫情得到有效控制和經濟逐步恢復，今年赤字率擬按3.2%左右安排、比去年有所下調，不再發行抗疫特別國債。因財政收入恢復性增長，財政支出總規模比去年增加，重點仍是加大對保就業保民生保市場主體的支持力度。中央本級支出繼續安排負增長，進一步大幅壓減非急需非剛性支出，對地方一般性轉移支付增長7.8%、增幅明顯高于去年，其中均衡性轉移支付、縣級基本財力保障機制獎補資金等增幅均超過10%。建立常態化財政資金直達機制并擴大范圍，將2.8萬億元中央財政資金納入直達機制、規模明顯大于去年，為市縣基層惠企利民提供更加及時有力的財力支持。各級政府都要節用為民、堅持過緊日子，確?；久裆С鲋辉霾粶p，助力市場主體青山常在、生機盎然。
We will enhance the quality, efficiency, and sustainability of our proactive fiscal policy.
In view of the effective containment of Covid-19 and gradual economic recovery, we have set the deficit-to-GDP ratio for the year at around 3.2 percent, slightly lower than that of last year. No Covid-19 bonds will be issued. As government revenue rebounds, total government expenditures will be higher this year than last. We will continue to give priority to increasing support for efforts to ensure employment, living standards, and the operations of market entities.
Continued cuts will be made in central government expenditures, including considerable reductions to outlays on non-essential and non-obligatory items. General transfer payments to local governments will be increased by 7.8 percent, which is significantly higher than last year. This will include growth of more than 10 percent in both transfer payments for equalizing access to basic public services and rewards and subsidies to ensure basic funding for county-level governments.
We will make it a normal practice to directly allocate budgetary funds to prefecture- and county-level governments and place more funds under this mechanism. This year, 2.8 trillion yuan of central government funding, a figure much larger than last year, will be allocated in this way to provide timely and strong fiscal support to these local governments to benefit businesses and people. We at every level of government should practice fiscal frugality in the interests of the people. We should continue to tighten our belts, ensure continued increases in spending to meet basic living needs, and help sustain and energize market entities.
優化和落實減稅政策。市場主體恢復元氣、增強活力，需要再幫一把。繼續執行制度性減稅政策，延長小規模納稅人增值稅優惠等部分階段性政策執行期限，實施新的結構性減稅舉措，對沖部分政策調整帶來的影響。將小規模納稅人增值稅起征點從月銷售額10萬元提高到15萬元。對小微企業和個體工商戶年應納稅所得額不到100萬元的部分，在現行優惠政策基礎上，再減半征收所得稅。各地要把減稅政策及時落實到位，確保市場主體應享盡享。
We will continue to implement and improve tax reduction policies.
We need to do more to help market entities stand firmly on their feet and thrive.
We will continue to implement systematic tax cut policies, extend the duration of several temporary policies such as VAT relief for small-scale taxpayers, and adopt new policies on structural tax reductions to offset the impact of some policy adjustments.
The VAT threshold for small-scale taxpayers will be raised from 100,000 yuan to 150,000 yuan in monthly sales. On the basis of preferential policies already in force, we will halve the income tax of micro and small enterprises and self-employed individuals on annual taxable income below one million yuan. All local governments should implement tax reduction policies fully and on a timely basis and see that market entities all enjoy these tax reduction benefits.
穩健的貨幣政策要靈活精準、合理適度。把服務實體經濟放到更加突出的位置，處理好恢復經濟與防范風險的關系。貨幣供應量和社會融資規模增速與名義經濟增速基本匹配，保持流動性合理充裕，保持宏觀杠桿率基本穩定。保持人民幣匯率在合理均衡水平上的基本穩定。進一步解決中小微企業融資難題。延續普惠小微企業貸款延期還本付息政策，加大再貸款再貼現支持普惠金融力度。延長小微企業融資擔保降費獎補政策，完善貸款風險分擔補償機制。加快信用信息共享步伐。完善金融機構考核、評價和盡職免責制度。引導銀行擴大信用貸款、持續增加首貸戶，推廣隨借隨還貸款，使資金更多流向科技創新、綠色發展，更多流向小微企業、個體工商戶、新型農業經營主體，對受疫情持續影響行業企業給予定向支持。大型商業銀行普惠小微企業貸款增長30%以上。創新供應鏈金融服務模式。適當降低小微企業支付手續費。優化存款利率監管，推動實際貸款利率進一步降低，繼續引導金融系統向實體經濟讓利。今年務必做到小微企業融資更便利、綜合融資成本穩中有降。
We will keep our prudent monetary policy flexible and targeted and at a reasonable and appropriate level.
We will give even greater priority to serving the real economy, and balance the needs of promoting economic recovery and preventing risks. We will see that increases in money supply and aggregate financing are generally in step with economic growth in nominal terms, maintain a proper and adequate level of liquidity supply, and keep the macro leverage ratio generally stable. We will also keep the RMB exchange rate generally stable at an adaptive, balanced level.
Further steps will be taken to address the financing difficulties of MSMEs. We will continue the policy of allowing micro and small enterprises to defer principal and interest repayments on inclusive-finance loans, and increase support for inclusive finance via re-lending and rediscounting.
We will continue the policy of providing rewards and subsidies to reduce financing guaranty fees for micro and small businesses, and improve mechanisms for risk sharing and compensation for loan defaults. We will move faster to promote the sharing of credit information.
The assessment and evaluation of the performance of financial institutions will be improved, and we will ensure that those who have fulfilled their duties are not held accountable.
Banks will be encouraged to increase credit loans and first-time loans. We will extend the pay-as-you-go lending model, channel more funds into scientific and technological innovation, green development initiatives, micro and small enterprises, self-employed individuals, and new types of agribusiness, and provide targeted support for enterprises and industries enduring a sustained hit from Covid-19. Inclusive loans to micro and small businesses by large commercial banks will increase by over 30 percent this year.
New models for providing supply chain financial services will be developed. Appropriate reductions will be made to transaction fees levied on micro and small businesses. We will improve regulation over deposit rates, further lower loan interest rates in real terms, and continue to guide the financial sector in giving more to the real economy. This year, we must see that micro and small businesses have easier access to financing, and that their overall financing costs steadily drop.
就業優先政策要繼續強化、聚力增效。著力穩定現有崗位，對不裁員少裁員的企業，繼續給予必要的財稅、金融等政策支持。繼續降低失業和工傷保險費率，擴大失業保險返還等階段性穩崗政策惠及范圍，延長以工代訓政策實施期限。拓寬市場化就業渠道，促進創業帶動就業。推動降低就業門檻，動態優化國家職業資格目錄，降低或取消部分準入類職業資格考試工作年限要求。支持和規范發展新就業形態，加快推進職業傷害保障試點。繼續對靈活就業人員給予社保補貼，推動放開在就業地參加社會保險的戶籍限制。做好高校畢業生、退役軍人、農民工等重點群體就業工作，完善殘疾人、零就業家庭成員等困難人員就業幫扶政策，促進失業人員再就業。拓寬職業技能培訓資金使用范圍，開展大規模、多層次職業技能培訓，完成職業技能提升和高職擴招三年行動目標，建設一批高技能人才培訓基地。健全就業公共服務體系，實施提升就業服務質量工程。運用就業專項補助等資金，支持各類勞動力市場、人才市場、零工市場建設，廣開就業門路，為有意愿有能力的人創造更多公平就業機會。
We will continue to improve the employment-first policy to enhance its performance.
We will work to keep the employment situation stable. We will continue to provide adequate fiscal, tax, and financial policy support to businesses that do not cut jobs or only cut a small number of them. We will continue to reduce premiums for unemployment insurance and workers’ compensation, and expand the scope of time-limited policies aimed at helping businesses maintain payrolls, such as the refunding of unemployment insurance premiums. The duration of policies on work-based training organized by companies will be extended.
We will broaden channels for creating market-based employment, and leverage the role of business startups in boosting employment. The thresholds for obtaining employment will be lowered, and we will improve the national catalog of professional qualifications on a continuing basis, and relax or lift the years-of-experience requirements for taking qualification examinations for some license based professions.
We will support the development of new forms of employment and keep such employment well-regulated, and we will move faster to advance trials of occupational injury insurance. We will continue to subsidize contributions to social insurance made by workers in flexible employment, and allow people to access social security in the locality where they work even if they do not hold local residency.
We will work to ensure employment for key groups such as college graduates, ex-service members, and rural migrant workers, improve policies on employment support for people facing difficulties like those with disabilities and members of zero-employment families, and help unemployed people find work.
We will expand the scope of use for vocational skills training funds, launch large-scale, multi-level vocational skills training programs, and complete the goals of the three-year initiative on providing vocational skills training and expanding enrollment in vocational colleges. A number of bases for training highly-skilled personnel will be opened. The public employment services system will be improved. An initiative will be carried out to boost the quality of employment services.
We will use employment subsidies and other funds to support the development of labor, talent, and casual labor markets, so as to widen the avenues of employment and enable people who are willing and able to work to find more equitable job opportunities.
（二）深入推進重點領域改革，更大激發市場主體活力。在落實助企紓困政策的同時，加大力度推動相關改革，培育更加活躍更有創造力的市場主體。
2. Advancing reforms in key areas and further energizing market entities
While implementing policies to ease enterprises’ difficulties, we will also intensify reforms to foster more dynamic and innovative market entities.
進一步轉變政府職能。充分發揮市場在資源配置中的決定性作用，更好發揮政府作用，推動有效市場和有為政府更好結合。繼續放寬市場準入，開展要素市場化配置綜合改革試點，依法平等保護各類市場主體產權?？v深推進“放管服”改革，加快營造市場化、法治化、國際化營商環境。將行政許可事項全部納入清單管理。深化“證照分離”改革，大力推進涉企審批減環節、減材料、減時限、減費用。完善市場主體退出機制，實行中小微企業簡易注銷制度。實施工業產品準入制度改革，推進汽車、電子電器等行業生產準入和流通管理全流程改革。把有效監管作為簡政放權的必要保障，全面落實監管責任，加強對取消或下放審批事項的事中事后監管，完善分級分類監管政策，健全跨部門綜合監管制度，大力推行“互聯網+監管”，提升監管能力，加大失信懲處力度，以公正監管促進優勝劣汰。加強數字政府建設，建立健全政務數據共享協調機制，推動電子證照擴大應用領域和全國互通互認，實現更多政務服務事項網上辦、掌上辦、一次辦。企業和群眾經常辦理的事項，今年要基本實現“跨省通辦”。
We will further transform the functions of government.
We will fully leverage the decisive role of the market in allocating resources and give better play to the role of government, to ensure better alignment between an efficient market and a well-functioning government. We will continue to expand market access, pilot a comprehensive reform on the market-based allocation of production factors, and ensure equal protection for the property rights of various market entities in accordance with the law.
We will deepen reforms to streamline administration and delegate power, improve regulation, and upgrade services and, move faster to create a market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized business environment. We will practice list-based management for all items requiring administrative approval. We will advance the reform for separating operating permits from business licenses, and devote major efforts to reducing the procedures, documents, time, and expenses required for government review of applications by enterprises.
The mechanism for market entities to exit the market will be refined, and the system for deregistering MSMEs with simplified procedures will be implemented. We will reform the system of market access for industrial products, and advance reform of the entire management process, from production access to marketing, for several industries such as the automobile, electronic, and electric appliances industries.
Effective regulation is necessary for our efforts to streamline administration and delegate power. We will see that all regulatory responsibilities of government are fulfilled. We will strengthen ongoing and ex post oversight of items for which approval has been cancelled or delegated to lower-level authorities. We will refine regulatory policies covering different levels and categories, and improve the system of comprehensive inter-agency regulation. We will also advance the Internet plus regulation model to enhance our capacity for conducting regulation. We will impose stiffer penalties on acts of bad faith, and carry out regulation in an impartial way to ensure that well-performing businesses succeed in market competition and those which are poorly run are eliminated.
We will work to build a digital government. We will set up a sound coordination mechanism for sharing government data, expand the application, and promote mutual nationwide recognition, of electronic licenses and certificates, and ensure more government services are accessible online and on cellphone applications with the need for only one application process. This year, high-demand government services should generally be provided on an inter-provincial basis.
用改革辦法推動降低企業生產經營成本。推進能源、交通、電信等基礎性行業改革，提高服務效率，降低收費水平。允許所有制造業企業參與電力市場化交易，進一步清理用電不合理加價，繼續推動降低一般工商業電價。中小企業寬帶和專線平均資費再降10%。全面推廣高速公路差異化收費，堅決整治違規設置妨礙貨車通行的道路限高限寬設施和檢查卡點。取消港口建設費，將民航發展基金航空公司征收標準降低20%。鼓勵受疫情影響較大的地方對承租國有房屋的服務業小微企業和個體工商戶減免租金。推動各類中介機構公開服務條件、流程、時限和收費標準。要嚴控非稅收入不合理增長，嚴厲整治亂收費、亂罰款、亂攤派，不得擾民漁利，讓市場主體安心經營、輕裝前行。
We will work to reduce enterprises’ production and operating costs through reform.
We will advance the reform of basic sectors like energy, transportation and telecommunications to provide more efficient services and reduce charges. All manufacturing enterprises will be allowed to engage in market-based electricity transactions. Further steps will be taken to cut unjustified surcharges on electricity use; electricity rates for general industrial and commercial businesses will be further reduced.
Average rates for broadband and dedicated internet access services for small and medium enterprises will be lowered by another 10 percent. We will introduce differentiated pricing for expressway tolls nationwide and take firm measures to rectify irregular height and width limits and checkpoints that affect freight traffic. The port development fee will be abolished. Airlines’ contributions to the civil aviation development fund will be cut by 20 percent.
Governments in localities that were hit hard by Covid-19 will be encouraged to lower or waive rentals on state-owned property for micro and small businesses in the service sector and for self-employed individuals.
Various intermediary agencies will be urged to make public their terms of service, procedures, timeframes, and charges.
Unjustified growth in non-tax government revenue will be strictly checked, tough steps will be taken to end arbitrary charges, fines, and quotas, and no action that seeks to make gains at the expense of our people and businesses will be tolerated.
All these efforts will lighten the burden on market entities and enable them to focus on doing business free from undue concern.
促進多種所有制經濟共同發展。堅持和完善社會主義基本經濟制度。毫不動搖鞏固和發展公有制經濟，毫不動搖鼓勵、支持、引導非公有制經濟發展。各類市場主體都是國家現代化的建設者，要一視同仁、平等對待。深入實施國企改革三年行動，做強做優做大國有資本和國有企業。深化國有企業混合所有制改革。構建親清政商關系，破除制約民營企業發展的各種壁壘。健全防范和化解拖欠中小企業賬款長效機制。弘揚企業家精神。國家支持平臺企業創新發展、增強國際競爭力，同時要依法規范發展，健全數字規則。強化反壟斷和防止資本無序擴張，堅決維護公平競爭市場環境。
We will promote the common development of enterprises under diverse forms of ownership.
We will continue to practice and improve the basic socialist economic system. We will work unswervingly to both consolidate and develop the public sector and encourage, support, and guide the development of the non-public sector. All market entities, regardless of their type, are participants in China’s modernization endeavors, and each and every one of them must be treated as equals.
We will continue to implement the three-year action plan for SOE reform, and work to strengthen, expand, and increase the returns on state capital and enhance the strength, quality, and size of SOEs. We will also push ahead with mixed-ownership reform in SOEs.
We will build a cordial and clean relationship between government and business, remove barriers to the development of private businesses, improve the long-term mechanism for preventing and resolving late payments to small and medium businesses, and promote an entrepreneurial spirit.
The state supports platform enterprises in pursuing innovative development and enhancing international competitiveness; it will ensure that their business operations are well-regulated in accordance with the law and take steps to refine digital rules. We will step up efforts against business monopolies and guard against unregulated expansion of capital, and ensure fair market competition.
深化財稅金融體制改革。強化預算約束和績效管理，加大預算公開力度，精簡享受稅費優惠政策的辦理流程和手續。落實中央與地方財政事權和支出責任劃分改革方案。健全地方稅體系。繼續多渠道補充中小銀行資本、強化公司治理，深化農村信用社改革，推進政策性銀行分類分賬改革，提升保險保障和服務功能。穩步推進注冊制改革，完善常態化退市機制，加強債券市場建設，更好發揮多層次資本市場作用，拓展市場主體融資渠道。強化金融控股公司和金融科技監管，確保金融創新在審慎監管的前提下進行。完善金融風險處置工作機制，壓實各方責任，堅決守住不發生系統性風險的底線。金融機構要堅守服務實體經濟的本分。
We will deepen reforms of the fiscal, taxation, and financial systems.
We will strengthen budget constraints and performance management, and promote greater budget transparency. Procedures for accessing preferential tax and fee policies will be streamlined. The reform plan for defining the respective fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities of central and local governments will be implemented. The local tax systems will be improved.
We will continue to replenish capital and strengthen corporate governance of small and medium banks through multiple channels, deepen the reform of rural credit cooperatives, advance the reform on policy banks by carrying out category-based management for specific accounts, and strengthen the role of insurance in protecting against risks and providing services.
We will steadily advance the reform to establish a registration-based IPO system, improve delisting as a normal practice, and step up development of the bond market, so as to better exert the role of multi-level capital markets and open up more financing channels for market entities.
We will strengthen regulation over financial holding companies and financial technology to ensure that financial innovations are made under prudent regulation. We will improve the mechanism for managing financial risks, see responsibilities are fulfilled by all the stakeholders, and ensure that no systemic risks arise. Financial institutions must serve the real economy as they should do.
（三）依靠創新推動實體經濟高質量發展，培育壯大新動能。促進科技創新與實體經濟深度融合，更好發揮創新驅動發展作用。
3. Promoting high-quality development of the real economy through innovation and fostering new growth drivers
We will see that scientific and technological innovations are fully applied in the real economy, and we will better leverage the role of innovation in driving development.
提升科技創新能力。強化國家戰略科技力量，推進國家實驗室建設，完善科技項目和創新基地布局。實施好關鍵核心技術攻關工程，深入謀劃推進“科技創新2030－重大項目”，改革科技重大專項實施方式，推廣“揭榜掛帥”等機制。支持有條件的地方建設國際和區域科技創新中心，增強國家自主創新示范區等帶動作用。發展疾病防治攻關等民生科技。促進科技開放合作。加強知識產權保護。加強科研誠信建設，弘揚科學精神，營造良好創新生態?；A研究是科技創新的源頭，要健全穩定支持機制，大幅增加投入，中央本級基礎研究支出增長10.6%，落實擴大經費使用自主權政策，優化項目申報、評審、經費管理、人才評價和激勵機制，努力消除科研人員不合理負擔，使他們能夠沉下心來致力科學探索，以“十年磨一劍”精神在關鍵核心領域實現重大突破。
We will raise our capacity for pursuing scientific and technological innovation.
We will improve our strategic scientific and technological strength. The building of national laboratories will continue, and the layout of science and technology programs and innovation centers will be improved. We will ensure the success of projects launched to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields, further plan and implement the Sci-Tech Innovation 2030 Agenda, reform the way that major science and technology programs are implemented, and extend mechanisms, such as the open competition mechanism to select the best candidates to undertake key research projects, to more areas.
We support localities with requisite conditions to develop international and regional centers for science and technology innovation, and better leverage the guiding role of institutions such as national innovation demonstration zones. We encourage advances in science and technology that promote people’s wellbeing, such as breakthroughs in the prevention and control of diseases. We also encourage opening up and international cooperation in the science and technology sector, and we are firmly committed to protecting intellectual property. We will heighten awareness of research integrity, promote the spirit of science, and create a favorable ecosystem for innovation.
Basic research is the wellspring of scientific and technological innovation. So we will ensure the stable functioning of funding mechanisms for basic research and boost spending in this area by a considerable sum. Central government expenditures on basic research will increase by 10.6 percent. Research institutes will have more say about how funds should be used, and the mechanisms for project applications, assessments, fund management, and personnel evaluations and incentives will be refined. We will work hard to help researchers get rid of undue burdens and enable them to fully devote their time and energy to making scientific explorations and major breakthroughs in key technologies, just as a blacksmith in the past would spend years forging the perfect sword.
運用市場化機制激勵企業創新。強化企業創新主體地位，鼓勵領軍企業組建創新聯合體，拓展產學研用融合通道，健全科技成果產權激勵機制，完善創業投資監管體制和發展政策，縱深推進大眾創業萬眾創新。延續執行企業研發費用加計扣除75%政策，將制造業企業加計扣除比例提高到100%，用稅收優惠機制激勵企業加大研發投入，著力推動企業以創新引領發展。
We will leverage market forces to encourage enterprises to engage in innovation.
We will boost the principal role of enterprises in innovation, and encourage leading enterprises to establish innovation consortia. We will expand the channels that bring together enterprises, universities, research institutes and end-users, and refine the equity-based incentive mechanisms for scientific and technological advances.
We will improve the regulatory system and development policies for venture capital, and further promote business startups and innovation initiatives. We will continue to implement the policy of granting an extra tax deduction of 75 percent on enterprises’ R&D costs, and we will raise this to 100 percent for manufacturing enterprises. By employing such mechanisms for preferential tax treatment, we can encourage enterprises to increase R&D spending and pursue innovation-driven development.
優化和穩定產業鏈供應鏈。繼續完成“三去一降一補”重要任務。對先進制造業企業按月全額退還增值稅增量留抵稅額，提高制造業貸款比重，擴大制造業設備更新和技術改造投資。增強產業鏈供應鏈自主可控能力，實施好產業基礎再造工程，發揮大企業引領支撐和中小微企業協作配套作用。發展工業互聯網，促進產業鏈和創新鏈融合，搭建更多共性技術研發平臺，提升中小微企業創新能力和專業化水平。加大5G網絡和千兆光網建設力度，豐富應用場景。加強網絡安全、數據安全和個人信息保護。統籌新興產業布局。加強質量基礎設施建設，深入實施質量提升行動，完善標準體系，促進產業鏈上下游標準有效銜接，弘揚工匠精神，以精工細作提升中國制造品質。
We will ensure the stable operation of industrial and supply chains and improve them.
We will continue working on the five priority tasks of cutting overcapacity, reducing excess housing inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and strengthening areas of weakness. We will refund all due VAT credits to advanced manufacturing enterprises on a monthly basis, raise the proportion of loans to the manufacturing sector, and increase investment in the equipment upgrades and technology transformations of manufacturing enterprises.
We will see that industrial and supply chains are more self-supporting and that their risks are better controlled. We will implement projects for upgrading foundational industrial infrastructure and give full play to large enterprises’ capacity to provide leadership and support, and to the collaborative and supporting role of MSMEs.
We will further develop the industrial internet, promote the integration of industrial and innovation chains, and build additional platforms for generic technology R&D to enhance the capacity of MSMEs for making innovations and engaging in specialized production.
The development of the 5G networks and 1000M fiber optic networks will be stepped up and their application will be extended to more settings. Cybersecurity, data security, and personal information protection will be strengthened. The layout of emerging industries will be planned in a well-coordinated way. China’s National Quality Infrastructure will be strengthened, intensified efforts will be made to enhance quality, and the system of standards will be improved to ensure standards are aligned throughout the industrial chain. We will champion the pursuit of fine workmanship to boost the quality of Chinese manufacturing.
（四）堅持擴大內需這個戰略基點，充分挖掘國內市場潛力。緊緊圍繞改善民生拓展需求，促進消費與投資有效結合，實現供需更高水平動態平衡。
4. Expanding domestic demand as a strategic move and fully tapping the potential of the domestic market
With a focus on improving the people’s wellbeing, we will expand demand, and promote better alignment between consumption and investment, so as to attain a more desirable and dynamic equilibrium between supply and demand.
穩定和擴大消費。多渠道增加居民收入。健全城鄉流通體系，加快電商、快遞進農村，擴大縣鄉消費。穩定增加汽車、家電等大宗消費，取消對二手車交易不合理限制，增加停車場、充電樁、換電站等設施，加快建設動力電池回收利用體系。發展健康、文化、旅游、體育等服務消費。鼓勵企業創新產品和服務，便利新產品市場準入，推進內外貿產品同線同標同質。保障小店商鋪等便民服務業有序運營。運用好“互聯網+”，推進線上線下更廣更深融合，發展新業態新模式，為消費者提供更多便捷舒心的服務和產品。引導平臺企業合理降低商戶服務費。穩步提高消費能力，改善消費環境，讓居民能消費、愿消費，以促進民生改善和經濟發展。
We will stabilize and expand consumption.
Personal incomes will be increased through multiple channels. Networks for the flow of goods and services in urban and rural areas will be improved, and rural e-commerce and express delivery services will be expanded to spur greater consumption at the county and township levels. We will encourage steady increases in spending on home appliances, automobiles, and other big-ticket items, and abolish excessive restrictions on sales of second-hand vehicles. More car parks and electric vehicle battery charging and swapping facilities will be built, and the system for recycling power batteries will be developed at a faster pace.
Consumption of services such as healthcare, culture, tourism, and sports will be promoted. Enterprises are encouraged to develop new products and services, and better market access will be provided for new products. We will ensure that products sold domestically are produced on the same production lines, meet the same standards, and are of the same quality as exported products.
We will ensure that convenience stores, shops, and other neighborhood services are well-run. We will use the Internet Plus model to promote integrated development of online and offline businesses in more fields and create new forms and models of business, thus providing more convenient and satisfying services for consumers. We will also encourage platform companies to reduce their service fees as appropriate.
By taking these steps, we will steadily improve people’s consumption capacity and the environment for consumption and ensure that our people have the ability and willingness to spend, thus improving their lives and driving economic development.
擴大有效投資。今年擬安排地方政府專項債券3.65萬億元，優化債券資金使用，優先支持在建工程，合理擴大使用范圍。中央預算內投資安排6100億元。繼續支持促進區域協調發展的重大工程，推進“兩新一重”建設，實施一批交通、能源、水利等重大工程項目，建設信息網絡等新型基礎設施，發展現代物流體系。政府投資更多向惠及面廣的民生項目傾斜，新開工改造城鎮老舊小區5.3萬個，提升縣城公共服務水平。簡化投資審批程序，推進實施企業投資項目承諾制。深化工程建設項目審批制度改革。完善支持社會資本參與政策，進一步拆除妨礙民間投資的各種藩籬，在更多領域讓社會資本進得來、能發展、有作為。
We will expand effective investment.
This year, 3.65 trillion yuan of local government special-purpose bonds will be issued and the way funds from bond issues are used will be improved. The scope of use for such bonds will be expanded as appropriate, with priority given to funding for key projects already under construction.
The central government will earmark a total of 610 billion yuan for investment in its budget. We will continue to support the construction of major projects that facilitate coordinated development among regions, and launch new infrastructure and new urbanization initiatives as well as major projects. We will also launch a number of major transportation, energy, and water conservancy projects, develop information networks and other new types of infrastructure, and work to modernize the logistics system.
Government investment will be weighted toward projects which will help significantly improve the people’s wellbeing. Rebuilding and renovation of 53,000 old urban residential communities will begin, and the public service standards of county towns will be raised.
Investment approval procedures will be streamlined, and the business-invested project commitment system will be put into practice. Reform of the system for construction project approval will be furthered. We will improve our policies for encouraging the participation of nongovernmental capital, and do more to remove barriers impeding private investment, so that such investment can enter, develop, and yield good returns in more fields.
（五）全面實施鄉村振興戰略，促進農業穩定發展和農民增收。接續推進脫貧地區發展，抓好農業生產，改善農村生產生活條件。
5. Implementing the rural revitalization strategy across the board and promoting steady development of agriculture and growth in rural incomes
We will continue to promote the development of areas that have been lifted out of poverty, bolster agricultural production, and improve working and living conditions in rural areas.
做好鞏固拓展脫貧攻堅成果同鄉村振興有效銜接。對脫貧縣從脫貧之日起設立5年過渡期，保持主要幫扶政策總體穩定。健全防止返貧動態監測和幫扶機制，促進脫貧人口穩定就業，加大技能培訓力度，發展壯大脫貧地區產業，做好易地搬遷后續扶持，分層分類加強對農村低收入人口常態化幫扶，確保不發生規模性返貧。在西部地區脫貧縣中集中支持一批鄉村振興重點幫扶縣。堅持和完善東西部協作和對口支援機制，發揮中央單位和社會力量幫扶作用，繼續支持脫貧地區增強內生發展能力。
We will align efforts to consolidate and expand the achievements in poverty alleviation with efforts to promote rural revitalization.
For counties lifted out of poverty, a five-year transition period will apply from the date poverty in their locality was eradicated, during which major assistance policies will remain unchanged for them. Continuous monitoring and assistance mechanisms will be enhanced to prevent populations that have been lifted out of poverty from falling back into it again. Stable employment for these populations should be ensured, and more skills training will be made available to them. We will further develop industries in areas that are no longer in poverty, provide follow-up support for those who have been relocated from inhospitable areas, and enhance regular and tiered assistance of various types to low-income rural residents. These steps will forestall a large-scale reemergence of poverty.
A number of counties lifted out of poverty in western China will be designated as key counties for receiving assistance for rural revitalization. The mechanisms for collaboration between the eastern and western regions and for providing paired assistance will remain in place and be improved. Central departments and organizations as well as non-governmental actors will continue to play their roles in providing assistance. All these efforts will help those areas which have been lifted out of poverty enhance their capacity for sustaining self-development.
提高糧食和重要農產品供給保障能力。保障糧食安全的要害是種子和耕地。要加強種質資源保護利用和優良品種選育推廣，開展農業關鍵核心技術攻關。提高高標準農田建設標準和質量，完善灌溉設施，強化耕地保護，堅決遏制耕地“非農化”、防止“非糧化”。推進農業機械化、智能化。建設國家糧食安全產業帶和農業現代化示范區。穩定種糧農民補貼，適度提高稻谷、小麥最低收購價，擴大完全成本和收入保險試點范圍。穩定糧食播種面積，提高單產和品質。多措并舉擴大油料生產。發展畜禽水產養殖，穩定和發展生豬生產。加強動植物疫病防控。保障農產品市場供應和價格基本穩定。開展糧食節約行動。解決好吃飯問題始終是頭等大事，我們一定要下力氣也完全有能力保障好14億人的糧食安全。
We will enhance our ability to ensure the supply of food and major agricultural products.
Seeds and cropland are crucial for safeguarding China’s food security. We will strengthen the protection and use of germplasm resources and the breeding and application of fine crop varieties, and strive to make key technological breakthroughs in agriculture.
The standards for maintaining high-quality farmland will be raised, and irrigation facilities will be improved. We will enhance the protection of cropland, and resolutely stop any attempt to use it for purposes other than agriculture and specifically grain production.
We will promote mechanization and digitalization of agriculture. Agricultural belts for national food security and demonstration zones for agricultural modernization will be developed. Subsidies for grain growers will be maintained, and minimum purchase prices for rice and wheat will be increased as appropriate. Pilot insurance programs covering total production costs and incomes will be expanded. Grain acreage will be kept stable, per unit crop yield will be increased, and the quality of grains will be raised.
We will adopt multiple measures to expand the production of oil-bearing crops, develop livestock, poultry, and aquaculture farming, and promote stable hog production. Prevention and control of animal and plant diseases will be enhanced.
We will ensure stability in the supply and prices of agricultural products, and launch food saving initiatives. Ensuring that our people have enough food remains a top priority for our government. We are resolved to ensure food security for our 1.4 billion people, and we know we can achieve this.
扎實推進農村改革和鄉村建設。鞏固和完善農村基本經營制度，保持土地承包關系穩定并長久不變，穩步推進多種形式適度規模經營，加快發展專業化社會化服務。穩慎推進農村宅基地制度改革試點。發展新型農村集體經濟。深化供銷社、集體林權、國有林區林場、農墾等改革。提高土地出讓收入用于農業農村比例。強化農村基本公共服務和公共基礎設施建設，促進縣域內城鄉融合發展。啟動農村人居環境整治提升五年行動。加強農村精神文明建設。保障農民工工資及時足額支付。加快發展鄉村產業，壯大縣域經濟，加強對返鄉創業的支持，拓寬農民就業渠道。千方百計使億萬農民多增收、有奔頭。
We will take solid steps in advancing rural reform and development.
We will consolidate and improve the system of basic rural operations. We will keep rural land contract relationships unchanged over the long term, steadily promote appropriately scaled agribusiness operations of various types, and speed up the development of specialized and commercial services. Trials for the reform of rural residential land will be advanced in a steady and prudent fashion. New rural collective economies will be developed. Reforms of supply and marketing cooperatives, collective forest tenure, state forestry areas and farms, and state farms will be deepened.
More of the revenue from land sales will be spent on agriculture and rural development. We will strengthen basic public services and infrastructure construction in rural areas and promote integrated urban-rural development in counties. A five-year program to improve the rural living environment will be launched, and cultural and ethical standards in rural areas will be raised.
We will ensure that rural migrant workers receive their pay on time and in full. We will promote faster development of rural industries, strengthen county economies, and provide more support for migrant workers to start businesses in their hometowns, so as to enable rural people to seek employment through more channels. We will do our utmost to see that rural residents in their hundreds of millions can earn higher incomes and embrace a brighter future.
（六）實行高水平對外開放，促進外貿外資穩中提質。實施更大范圍、更寬領域、更深層次對外開放，更好參與國際經濟合作。
6. Pursuing high-standard opening up and promoting stable and improved performance in foreign trade and investment
We will open up more sectors of the economy in a more thorough fashion and participate more fully in international economic cooperation.
推動進出口穩定發展。加強對中小外貿企業信貸支持，擴大出口信用保險覆蓋面、優化承保和理賠條件，深化貿易外匯收支便利化試點。穩定加工貿易，發展跨境電商等新業態新模式，支持企業開拓多元化市場。發展邊境貿易。創新發展服務貿易。優化調整進口稅收政策，增加優質產品和服務進口。加強貿易促進服務，辦好進博會、廣交會、服貿會及首屆中國國際消費品博覽會等重大展會。推動國際物流暢通，清理規范口岸收費，不斷提升通關便利化水平。
We will promote steady growth of imports and exports.
We will increase credit support to small and medium foreign trade firms, expand the coverage of export credit insurance and streamline the conditions for insurance acceptance and claims settlement. Trials to facilitate foreign exchange settlement for trade firms will be advanced. We will keep the processing trade stable, develop new forms and models of trade such as cross-border e-commerce, and support enterprises in diversifying their markets overseas. We will also develop border trade.
New approaches will be explored to develop trade in services. We will improve and adjust import tariff policies and increase imports of quality products and services. Trade promotion services will be improved, and good preparations will be made for holding major trade events such as the China International Import Expo, the China Import and Export Fair, the China International Fair for Trade in Services, and the first China International Consumer Products Expo. We will work to ensure smooth international logistics services, overhaul and standardize port charges, and further simplify customs clearance.
積極有效利用外資。進一步縮減外資準入負面清單。推動服務業有序開放，增設服務業擴大開放綜合試點，制定跨境服務貿易負面清單。推進海南自由貿易港建設，加強自貿試驗區改革開放創新，推動海關特殊監管區域與自貿試驗區統籌發展，發揮好各類開發區開放平臺作用。促進內外資企業公平競爭，依法保護外資企業合法權益。歡迎外商擴大在華投資，分享中國開放的大市場和發展機遇。
We will use foreign investment more effectively.
The negative list for foreign investment will be further cut. We will open the service sector in a well-regulated way, launch more comprehensive trials on its opening, and formulate a negative list for cross-border trade in services. We will further the development of the Hainan Free Trade Port, pursue reform, opening up, and innovation in pilot free trade zones, promote coordinated development of special customs regulation zones and pilot free trade zones, and fully leverage the role of economic development zones as platforms for opening up.
We will promote fair competition between domestic and foreign companies and protect the lawful rights and interests of foreign-invested enterprises. Foreign investors are welcome to expand their investments in China and share in its vast open market and development opportunities.
高質量共建“一帶一路”。堅持共商共建共享，堅持以企業為主體、遵循市場化原則，健全多元化投融資體系，強化法律服務保障，有序推動重大項目合作，推進基礎設施互聯互通。提升對外投資合作質量效益。
We will promote high-quality Belt and Road cooperation.
We are committed to the principle of achieving shared growth through consultation and collaboration. We will, with enterprises as the main actors and acting on market principles, set up a sound, diversified investment and financing framework, provide better legal services and safeguards, and work to steadily advance cooperation on major projects and promote infrastructure connectivity.
We will work to improve the performance of China’s outbound investment and international cooperation in this area.
深化多雙邊和區域經濟合作。堅定維護多邊貿易體制。推動區域全面經濟伙伴關系協定盡早生效實施、中歐投資協定簽署，加快中日韓自貿協定談判進程，積極考慮加入全面與進步跨太平洋伙伴關系協定。在相互尊重基礎上，推動中美平等互利經貿關系向前發展。中國愿與世界各國擴大相互開放，實現互利共贏。
We will deepen multilateral, bilateral, and regional economic cooperation.
We will continue to uphold the multilateral trading regime. We will work for the early entry into force and implementation of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement and the signing of the China-EU Comprehensive Agreement on Investment. We will accelerate China’s free trade negotiations with Japan and the Republic of Korea. China will actively consider joining the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership. We will promote the growth of mutually beneficial China-US business relations on the basis of equality and mutual respect. China stands ready to work with other countries to achieve mutual benefits on the basis of greater mutual opening.
（七）加強污染防治和生態建設，持續改善環境質量。深入實施可持續發展戰略，鞏固藍天、碧水、凈土保衛戰成果，促進生產生活方式綠色轉型。
7. Enhancing Pollution Prevention and Control and Ecological Conservation and Promoting Continuous Environmental Improvement
We will fully implement the sustainable development strategy, consolidate the gains in our endeavors to keep our skies blue, our waters clear, and our lands pollution-free, and transition to eco-friendly production and ways of life.
繼續加大生態環境治理力度。強化大氣污染綜合治理和聯防聯控，加強細顆粒物和臭氧協同控制，北方地區清潔取暖率達到70%。整治入河入海排污口和城市黑臭水體，提高城鎮生活污水收集和園區工業廢水處置能力，嚴格土壤污染源頭防控，加強農業面源污染治理。繼續嚴禁洋垃圾入境。有序推進城鎮生活垃圾分類處置。推動快遞包裝綠色轉型。加強危險廢物醫療廢物收集處理。研究制定生態保護補償條例。落實長江十年禁漁，實施生物多樣性保護重大工程，科學推進荒漠化、石漠化、水土流失綜合治理，持續開展大規模國土綠化行動，保護海洋生態環境，推進生態系統保護和修復，讓我們生活的家園擁有更多碧水藍天。
We will continue to intensify efforts to improve the environment.
We will strengthen comprehensive measures and joint efforts on air pollution prevention and control, and step up coordination on the control of fine particulate matter and ozone pollution. Clean heating will account for 70 percent of all heating in northern China.
We will clean up sewage outfalls into seas and rivers and black, malodorous water bodies in cities. We will enhance our capacity to collect urban household sewage and to treat waste water from industrial parks. We will take stringent measures to prevent soil pollution at the source, and take stronger action to address agricultural pollution from non-point sources.
The ban on the importation of solid waste will remain in place. Urban household waste sorting will be promoted in a well-planned way, the use of eco-friendly express delivery packaging will be encouraged, and the collection and treatment of hazardous waste and medical waste will be improved.
The formulation of regulations on compensation for environmental conservation will be put on the agenda. We will enforce a ten-year fishing ban in the waters of the Yangtze River, and carry out major biodiversity protection projects. We will systematically promote comprehensive control of desertification, rocky desertification, and soil erosion, continue to launch large-scale land greening programs, protect the marine environment, and protect and restore ecosystems. We hope that our common home will have clearer waters and the skies above it will be bluer.
扎實做好碳達峰、碳中和各項工作。制定2030年前碳排放達峰行動方案。優化產業結構和能源結構。推動煤炭清潔高效利用，大力發展新能源，在確保安全的前提下積極有序發展核電。擴大環境保護、節能節水等企業所得稅優惠目錄范圍，促進新型節能環保技術、裝備和產品研發應用，培育壯大節能環保產業，推動資源節約高效利用。加快建設全國用能權、碳排放權交易市場，完善能源消費雙控制度。實施金融支持綠色低碳發展專項政策，設立碳減排支持工具。提升生態系統碳匯能力。中國作為地球村的一員，將以實際行動為全球應對氣候變化作出應有貢獻。
We will take solid steps toward the goals of achieving peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality.
We will draw up an action plan for carbon emissions to peak by 2030. China’s industrial structure and energy mix will be improved. While promoting the clean and efficient use of coal, we will make a major push to develop new energy sources, and take active and well-ordered steps to develop nuclear energy on the basis of ensuring its safe use.
We will expand the catalog of corporate income tax credits for environmental protection and the conservation of water and energy, and promote the development and application of new types of energy-efficient and eco-friendly technologies, equipment and products, and the cultivation of energy-saving and environmental protection industries to ensure the conservation and efficient use of resources.
We will accelerate the development of national markets for trading energy use rights and carbon emissions rights, and improve the system to control both the total amount and intensity of energy consumption. We will introduce special policies on providing financial support for green and low-carbon development, devise instruments for supporting the reduction of carbon emissions, and enhance the carbon absorption capacity of ecosystems.
As a member of the global village, China will continue to take concrete action to play its part in the global response to climate change.
（八）切實增進民生福祉，不斷提高社會建設水平。注重解民憂、紓民困，及時回應群眾關切，持續改善人民生活。
8. Improving living standards and steadily advancing social development
We will, with a focus on resolving the difficulties of our people, respond promptly to public concerns and continue working to improve people’s lives.
發展更加公平更高質量的教育。構建德智體美勞全面培養的教育體系。推動義務教育優質均衡發展和城鄉一體化，加快補齊農村辦學條件短板，健全教師工資保障長效機制，改善鄉村教師待遇。進一步提高學前教育入園率，完善普惠性學前教育保障機制，支持社會力量辦園。鼓勵高中階段學校多樣化發展，加強縣域高中建設。增強職業教育適應性，深化產教融合、校企合作，深入實施職業技能等級證書制度。辦好特殊教育、繼續教育，支持和規范民辦教育發展。分類建設一流大學和一流學科，加快優化學科專業結構，加強基礎學科和前沿學科建設，促進新興交叉學科發展。支持中西部高等教育發展。加大國家通用語言文字推廣力度。發揮在線教育優勢，完善終身學習體系。倡導全社會尊師重教。深化教育評價改革，健全學校家庭社會協同育人機制，規范校外培訓。加強師德師風建設。在教育公平上邁出更大步伐，更好解決進城務工人員子女就學問題，高校招生繼續加大對中西部和農村地區傾斜力度，努力讓廣大學生健康快樂成長，讓每個孩子都有人生出彩的機會。
We will develop more equitable and higher-quality education.
We will build an education system that ensures the well-rounded development of students in terms of moral grounding, intellectual and physical ability, aesthetic sensibility, and work skills. We will promote high-quality, well-balanced, and integrated development of compulsory education in both urban and rural areas. We will work quickly to improve the basic conditions of rural schools, refine the long-term mechanism for ensuring salary payments to teachers, and improve the pay packages of teachers in rural schools.
We will raise the preschool enrollment ratio, improve the mechanism to support public-interest pre-school education, and support private actors in running kindergartens. We will encourage the diversified development of senior secondary schools and the development of county high schools.
We will enhance the adaptability of vocational education, deepen industry-education integration and school-enterprise cooperation, and implement the system of vocational technical grade certificates. We will provide high-quality special needs education and continuing education, and support the development of private schools in a well-regulated way.
We will develop first-rate universities and academic disciplines on a categorized basis, move faster to improve the composition of disciplines and majors, and promote the development of foundational disciplines, cutting-edge disciplines, and emerging inter-disciplinary fields. We will support the development of higher education in the central and western regions.
Efforts to promote standard spoken and written Chinese will be stepped up. We will give full play to the advantages of online education, improve the lifelong learning system, and encourage public respect for teachers and public support for education. We will further the reform of educational assessment, improve the mechanism of school-family-society cooperation in educating students, and keep off-campus training well-regulated.
We will strengthen the professional ethics and competence of teachers, and make major strides in ensuring equitable education. We will endeavor to provide better schooling for children of rural migrant workers in cities, and continue to have universities and colleges enroll more students from the central and western regions and rural areas. We will ensure that students live healthy and happy lives and that every child has the opportunity to fulfill their potential.
推進衛生健康體系建設。堅持預防為主，持續推進健康中國行動，深入開展愛國衛生運動，深化疾病預防控制體系改革，強化基層公共衛生體系，創新醫防協同機制，健全公共衛生應急處置和物資保障體系，建立穩定的公共衛生事業投入機制。加強精神衛生和心理健康服務。深化公立醫院綜合改革，擴大國家醫學中心和區域醫療中心建設試點，加強全科醫生和鄉村醫生隊伍建設，提升縣級醫療服務能力，加快建設分級診療體系。堅持中西醫并重，實施中醫藥振興發展重大工程。支持社會辦醫，促進“互聯網+醫療健康”規范發展。強化食品藥品疫苗監管。優化預約診療等便民措施，努力讓大病、急難病患者盡早得到治療。居民醫保和基本公共衛生服務經費人均財政補助標準分別再增加30元和5元，推動基本醫保省級統籌、門診費用跨省直接結算。建立健全門診共濟保障機制，逐步將門診費用納入統籌基金報銷，完善短缺藥品保供穩價機制，采取把更多慢性病、常見病藥品和高值醫用耗材納入集中帶量采購等辦法，進一步明顯降低患者醫藥負擔。
We will improve the healthcare system.
We will, with emphasis on prevention, continue to advance the Healthy China initiative and carry out extensive patriotic health campaigns. We will deepen the reform of the system for disease prevention and control, strengthen community-level public health systems, and develop new mechanisms for enhancing coordination between disease prevention and control agencies and hospitals. We will improve the system for responding to public health emergencies and providing emergency supplies, and put in place a mechanism for ensuring stable funding for public health institutions. We will attach greater importance to mental and psychological health.
We will advance the comprehensive reform of public hospitals, expand trials on setting up national medical centers and regional medical centers, strengthen the ranks of general practitioners and rural doctors, and improve the capacity of medical services at the county level. The tiered diagnosis and treatment system will be developed at a faster pace. We will support both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, and a major project will be launched to promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine. We will support the development of private hospitals, and promote well-regulated growth of Internet Plus Healthcare initiatives. We will tighten regulation and supervision of food, drugs, and vaccines.
We will take steps to make medical treatment more accessible, such as simplifying medical appointment procedures, so as to ensure that patients with severe, acute, or hard-to-treat diseases receive treatment as soon as possible. Government subsidies for basic medical insurance for rural and non-working urban residents will increase by an average of 30 yuan per person, and subsides for basic public health services will increase by 5 yuan per person. We will promote provincial-level unified management of basic medical insurance funds and realize inter-provincial on-the-spot settlement of outpatient bills through individual accounts for basic medical insurance.
We will also develop a general support mechanism for covering outpatient medical bills, and take gradual steps toward reimbursing outpatient bills through unified accounts. We will improve the mechanism for ensuring provision of medicines in short supply and keeping their prices stable. More medicines for chronic and common illnesses and high-priced medical consumables will be covered by bulk government purchases. These are all steps that will lighten the burden on patients by another considerable margin.
保障好群眾住房需求。堅持房子是用來住的、不是用來炒的定位，穩地價、穩房價、穩預期。解決好大城市住房突出問題，通過增加土地供應、安排專項資金、集中建設等辦法，切實增加保障性租賃住房和共有產權住房供給，規范發展長租房市場，降低租賃住房稅費負擔，盡最大努力幫助新市民、青年人等緩解住房困難。
We will strive to meet people’s housing needs.
Upholding the principle that housing is for living in, not for speculation, we will keep the prices of land and housing as well as market expectations stable. We will address prominent housing issues in large cities. By increasing land supply, earmarking special funds, and carrying out concentrated development schemes, we will increase the supply of government-subsidized rental housing and shared ownership housing. We will ensure well-regulated development of the long-term rental housing market, and cut taxes and fees on rental housing. We will make every effort to address the housing difficulties faced by our people, especially new urban residents and young people.
加強基本民生保障。提高退休人員基本養老金、優撫對象撫恤和生活補助標準。推進基本養老保險全國統籌，規范發展第三支柱養老保險。完善全國統一的社會保險公共服務平臺。加強軍人軍屬、退役軍人和其他優撫對象優待工作，健全退役軍人工作體系和保障制度。繼續實施失業保險保障擴圍政策。促進醫養康養相結合，穩步推進長期護理保險制度試點。發展普惠型養老服務和互助性養老。發展嬰幼兒照護服務。發展社區養老、托幼、用餐、保潔等多樣化服務，加強配套設施和無障礙設施建設，實施更優惠政策，讓社區生活更加便利。完善傳統服務保障措施，為老年人等群體提供更周全更貼心的服務。推進智能化服務要適應老年人、殘疾人需求，并做到不讓智能工具給他們日常生活造成障礙。健全幫扶殘疾人、孤兒等社會福利制度，加強殘疾預防，提升殘疾康復服務質量。分層分類做好社會救助，及時幫扶受疫情災情影響的困難群眾，堅決兜住民生底線。
We will do more to meet people’s basic living needs.
We will increase the basic pension for retirees and the subsidies and living allowances for entitled groups, and work toward unified national management of basic old-age insurance funds. As the third pillar, private pensions will develop in a well-regulated way. The national social insurance public service platform will be improved.
We will increase the benefits for service members and their families, ex-service members, and other entitled groups, while also refining our work systems and support mechanisms for ex-service members. The coverage of unemployment insurance will be further expanded. We will promote the integration of medical care and health care, and steadily advance trials of long-term care insurance. We will develop public-interest elderly care services and mutual-aid elderly care, as well as infant and child care services.
We will develop diversified community services, including elderly care, child care, dining services, and cleaning services, build more supporting facilities and barrier-free facilities, and introduce more preferential policies to make life more convenient for community residents. We will improve traditional services, and provide elderly people and other groups with more comprehensive and considerate services. The rollout of smart services should also cater to elderly people and people with disabilities, so that smart devices do not become a barrier in their daily lives.
We will refine the social welfare systems for orphans and people with disabilities, strengthen disability prevention, and provide quality rehabilitation services for people with disabilities. We will provide social assistance of different types at different levels and ensure timely help and support for people in difficulty due to Covid-19 or natural disasters. We are fully determined to ensure that the basic living needs of all our people are met.
更好滿足人民群眾精神文化需求。培育和踐行社會主義核心價值觀，弘揚偉大抗疫精神和脫貧攻堅精神，推進公民道德建設。繁榮新聞出版、廣播影視、文學藝術、哲學社會科學和檔案等事業。加強互聯網內容建設和管理，發展積極健康的網絡文化。傳承弘揚中華優秀傳統文化，加強文物保護利用和非物質文化遺產傳承，建設國家文化公園。推進城鄉公共文化服務體系一體建設，創新實施文化惠民工程，倡導全民閱讀。深化中外人文交流。完善全民健身公共服務體系。精心籌辦北京冬奧會、冬殘奧會等綜合性體育賽事。
We will better meet the intellectual and cultural needs of our people.
We will cultivate and promote the core socialist values, carry forward the great spirit forged in the battle against Covid-19 and in the fight against poverty, and foster civic virtue. China’s press and publishing, radio, film, and television, literature and art, philosophy, social sciences, and archives will continue to flourish. More efforts will be made to ensure the quality of online content through improved management, and to cultivate a positive and healthy online culture.
Fine traditional Chinese culture will be preserved and carried forward. China’s cultural and historical artifacts will be placed under effective protection and put to good use, and our intangible cultural heritage will be kept alive. We will build national cultural parks. We will promote integrated development of urban and rural public cultural services and launch new public cultural projects. A love of reading will be fostered among our people.
China’s cultural and people-to-people exchanges with other countries will be deepened. The public service system for fitness and physical activity will be improved. We will make meticulous preparations for the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics in Beijing and other major sports events.
加強和創新社會治理。夯實基層社會治理基礎，健全城鄉社區治理和服務體系，推進市域社會治理現代化試點。加強社會信用體系建設。大力發展社會工作，支持社會組織、人道救助、志愿服務、公益慈善發展。保障婦女、兒童、老年人、殘疾人合法權益。繼續完善信訪制度，推進矛盾糾紛多元化解。加強法律援助工作，啟動實施“八五”普法規劃。加強應急救援力量建設，提高防災減災抗災救災能力，切實做好洪澇干旱、森林草原火災、地質災害、地震等防御和氣象服務。完善和落實安全生產責任制，深入開展安全生產專項整治三年行動，堅決遏制重特大事故發生。完善社會治安防控體系，常態化開展掃黑除惡斗爭，防范打擊各類犯罪，維護社會穩定和安全。
We will strengthen social governance and develop new ways to conduct it.
We will consolidate the foundations of primary-level governance, improve the governance and service systems for urban and rural communities, and advance trials on modernizing municipal social governance. The social credit system will be improved. We will enhance social services, support the development of social organizations, humanitarian assistance, volunteer service, public-interest activities, and charity. We will protect the lawful rights and interests of women, children, the elderly, and people with disabilities. The system for handling public complaints will be further refined and more efforts will be made to resolve social disputes through multiple channels. The provision of legal aid will be strengthened and the eighth five-year plan for increasing public knowledge of the law will be launched.
We will strengthen our emergency rescue capacity and disaster prevention, mitigation, response, and relief capabilities. We will make solid efforts to protect against floods, droughts, forest and grassland fires, geological disasters, and earthquakes, and provide quality meteorological services.
We will improve and implement the system of accountability for workplace safety, carry out a three-year campaign to promote workplace safety, and take firm measures to prevent serious and major accidents.
We will improve the crime prevention and control system, make efforts to combat organized crime and root out local criminal gangs on an ongoing basis, and prevent and punish crimes of all types to effectively safeguard social stability and public safety.
各位代表！
Fellow Deputies,
面對新的任務和挑戰，各級政府要增強“四個意識”、堅定“四個自信”、做到“兩個維護”，自覺在思想上政治上行動上同以習近平同志為核心的黨中央保持高度一致，踐行以人民為中心的發展思想，不斷提高政治判斷力、政治領悟力、政治執行力，落實全面從嚴治黨要求。扎實開展黨史學習教育。加強法治政府建設，切實依法行政。堅持政務公開。嚴格規范公正文明執法。依法接受同級人大及其常委會的監督，自覺接受人民政協的民主監督，主動接受社會和輿論監督。強化審計監督。支持工會、共青團、婦聯等群團組織更好發揮作用。深入推進黨風廉政建設和反腐敗斗爭，鍥而不舍落實中央八項規定精神。政府工作人員要自覺接受法律監督、監察監督和人民監督。加強廉潔政府建設，持續整治不正之風和腐敗問題。
In the face of new tasks and challenges, our governments at all levels must be keenly aware of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership. We should stay confident in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics; and we should uphold General Secretary Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and uphold the Party Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership.
We will closely follow the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core in thinking, stance, and action, practice the people-centered development philosophy, keep enhancing our capacity for political judgment, thinking, and implementation, and enforce full and strict Party self-governance. We will carry out activities to study the history of the CPC. We will boost development of a government based on the rule of law, conduct administration in accordance with the law, and ensure transparency in all government affairs. We will work to ensure that law enforcement is strict, procedure-based, impartial, and civil.
We will, in compliance with the law, subject ourselves to the oversight of people’s congresses and their standing committees at the corresponding level, and readily submit to the democratic oversight of the CPPCC, public oversight, and oversight through public opinion, while strengthening auditing-based oversight. We will support trade unions, Communist Youth League organizations, women’s federations, and other people’s organizations in better playing their roles.
We will work harder to improve Party conduct, ensure clean government, and root out corruption, and continue to implement the central Party leadership’s eight-point decision on conduct. We in government must readily subject ourselves to the oversight of the law, supervisory bodies, and the people. We will intensify efforts to build a clean government and continue to prevent misconduct and corruption.
中國經濟社會發展已經取得了輝煌的成就，但全面實現現代化還有相當長的路要走，仍要付出艱苦努力。必須立足社會主義初級階段基本國情，著力辦好自己的事。要始終把人民放在心中最高位置，堅持實事求是，求真務實謀發展、惠民生。要力戒形式主義、官僚主義，切忌在工作中搞“一刀切”，切實為基層松綁減負。要居安思危，增強憂患意識，事不畏難、責不避險，有效防范化解各種風險隱患。要調動一切可以調動的積極因素，推進改革開放，更大激發市場主體活力和社會創造力，用發展的辦法解決發展不平衡不充分問題。要擔當作為，實干苦干，不斷創造人民期待的發展業績。
Although remarkable achievements have been made in China’s economic and social development, we still have quite a way to go and a lot of hard work to do before we can achieve modernization in all respects. We must bear in mind the reality that China is still in the primary stage of socialism and run our affairs well.
For all of us in government, the people must always be uppermost in our minds. We must take a fact-based approach, and pursue development and improve people’s lives in a realistic and pragmatic way.
We must guard against pointless formalities and bureaucratism and one-size-fits-all approaches in our work, so as to truly lighten the burden on all those working on the ground.
We need to remain vigilant, be prepared for adversity, face difficulties squarely, and shoulder responsibility bravely to effectively prevent and defuse various risks and potential dangers.
We should keep everyone motivated in advancing reform and opening up, and further energize market entities and unlock social creativity. In the course of pursuing development, we will take steps to address imbalances and inadequacies in development. We must take on responsibility, work hard, and continue creating achievements to meet the expectation of our people.
各位代表！
Fellow Deputies,
我們要堅持和完善民族區域自治制度，全面貫徹黨的民族政策，鑄牢中華民族共同體意識，促進各民族共同團結奮斗、共同繁榮發展。全面貫徹黨的宗教工作基本方針，堅持我國宗教的中國化方向，積極引導宗教與社會主義社會相適應。全面貫徹黨的僑務政策，維護海外僑胞和歸僑僑眷合法權益，更大凝聚中華兒女共創輝煌的磅礴力量。
We will continue to apply and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy, and fully implement the Party’s policies on ethnic affairs. We will forge a strong sense of community among the Chinese people and encourage all China’s ethnic groups to work in concert for common prosperity and development.
We will fully implement the Party’s basic policy on religious affairs, uphold the principle that religions in China must be Chinese in orientation, and work to guide religions in adapting to socialist society. We will fully carry out the Party’s policies on overseas Chinese affairs, safeguard the lawful rights and interests of Chinese nationals residing abroad, returned overseas Chinese, and relatives of overseas Chinese nationals residing in China. By doing so, we will pool the tremendous strengths of all the sons and daughters of the Chinese nation to accomplish remarkable achievements.
過去一年，國防和軍隊建設取得新的重大成就，人民軍隊在維護國家安全和疫情防控中展示出過硬本領和優良作風。新的一年，要深入貫徹習近平強軍思想，貫徹新時代軍事戰略方針，堅持黨對人民軍隊的絕對領導，嚴格落實軍委主席負責制，聚焦建軍一百年奮斗目標，推進政治建軍、改革強軍、科技強軍、人才強軍、依法治軍，加快機械化信息化智能化融合發展。全面加強練兵備戰，統籌應對各方向各領域安全風險，提高捍衛國家主權、安全、發展利益的戰略能力。優化國防科技工業布局，完善國防動員體系，強化全民國防教育。各級政府要大力支持國防和軍隊建設，深入開展“雙擁”活動，譜寫魚水情深的時代華章。
Last year, major success was attained in the development of national defense and the armed forces. Our people’s forces, with complete competence and fine conduct, safeguarded China’s national security and participated in epidemic control.
This year, we will thoroughly implement Xi Jinping’s thinking on strengthening the armed forces and the military strategy for the new era, ensure the Party’s absolute leadership over the people’s armed forces, and strictly implement the system of ultimate responsibility resting with the chairman of the Central Military Commission.
We will, bearing in mind the goals set for the centenary of the People’s Liberation Army, continue to enhance the political loyalty of the armed forces, strengthen them through reform, science and technology and the training of capable personnel, and run them in accordance with the law. The integration of mechanized, informatized, and intelligent development of the military will be accelerated.
We will boost military training and preparedness across the board, make overall plans for responding to security risks in all areas and for all situations, and enhance the military’s strategic capacity to protect the sovereignty, security, and development interests of our country. We will improve the layout of defense-related science, technology, and industry, enhance the defense mobilization system, and strengthen public awareness about national defense.
We in government at all levels should vigorously support the development of national defense and the armed forces, and conduct extensive activities to promote mutual support between the civilians and the military, so as to forge an ever closer bond between the people and the military in the new era.
各位代表！
Fellow Deputies,
我們要繼續全面準確貫徹“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方針，完善特別行政區同憲法和基本法實施相關的制度和機制，落實特別行政區維護國家安全的法律制度和執行機制。堅決防范和遏制外部勢力干預港澳事務，支持港澳發展經濟、改善民生，保持香港、澳門長期繁榮穩定。
We will stay true to the letter and spirit of the principle of One Country, Two Systems, under which the people of Hong Kong administer Hong Kong and the people of Macao administer Macao, both with a high degree of autonomy. We will improve the relevant systems and mechanisms of the two special administrative regions for enforcing the Constitution and the basic laws; we will ensure the implementation of the laws and enforcement mechanisms for the two regions to safeguard national security. We will resolutely guard against and deter external forces’ interference in the affairs of Hong Kong and Macao. We will support both regions as they grow their economies and improve people’s lives, so as to maintain the long-term prosperity and stability of Hong Kong and Macao.
我們要堅持對臺工作大政方針，堅持一個中國原則和“九二共識”，推進兩岸關系和平發展和祖國統一。高度警惕和堅決遏制“臺獨”分裂活動。完善保障臺灣同胞福祉和在大陸享受同等待遇的制度和政策，促進海峽兩岸交流合作、融合發展，同心共創民族復興美好未來。
We remain committed to the major principles and policies on work related to Taiwan, to the one-China principle and the 1992 Consensus, and to promoting the peaceful growth of relations across the Taiwan Strait and China’s reunification. We will remain highly vigilant against and resolutely deter any separatist activity seeking “Taiwan Independence.”
We will improve the systems and policies for safeguarding the wellbeing of our Taiwan compatriots and ensuring they enjoy the same treatment on China’s mainland as local residents. We will promote exchanges, cooperation, and integrated development across the Taiwan Strait. Together, we can shape a bright future of rejuvenation for our great nation.
我們要堅持獨立自主的和平外交政策，積極發展全球伙伴關系，推動構建新型國際關系和人類命運共同體。堅持開放合作，推動全球治理體系朝著更加公正合理的方向發展。持續深化國際和地區合作，積極參與重大傳染病防控國際合作。中國愿同所有國家在相互尊重、平等互利基礎上和平共處、共同發展，攜手應對全球性挑戰，為促進世界和平與繁榮不懈努力！
China will continue to pursue an independent foreign policy of peace. We will actively work to develop global partnerships and promote the building of a new type of international relations and a human community with a shared future. We will continue to pursue the policy of opening up and cooperation and work to make the system of global governance fairer and more equitable. We will continue to deepen international and regional cooperation, and actively participate in international cooperation to prevent and control major infectious diseases.
China remains committed to pursuing peaceful coexistence and common development with all other countries in accordance with the principle of mutual respect, equality, and mutual benefit. China will join hands with them to meet global challenges and work tirelessly to promote world peace and prosperity.
各位代表！
Fellow Deputies,
重任在肩，更須砥礪奮進。讓我們更加緊密地團結在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央周圍，高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想為指導，齊心協力，開拓進取，努力完成全年目標任務，以優異成績慶祝中國共產黨百年華誕，為把我國建設成為富強民主文明和諧美麗的社會主義現代化強國、實現中華民族偉大復興的中國夢不懈奮斗！
As we shoulder heavy responsibilities, we must forge ahead with even greater resolve.
Let us rally more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and push forward in a concerted effort to complete the objectives and tasks for this year and celebrate the centenary of the Communist Party of China with outstanding achievements.
Let each and every of us keep making tireless efforts to build China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious and beautiful, and fulfill the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation.
